The Information Age And The Concerns Of Privacy - 1953 Words

The Information Age and the Concerns of Privacy Communication is an essential act in the constitution of a society. Throughout history man has felt the necessity to express his emotions, thoughts, accomplishments and deeds. Communication is a fundamental process and the basis of any social organization. It is a human interaction between individuals, through which identities are formed. Communication technologies have changed dramatically in the last quarter-century, bringing in a new concept of communication that lies in the free flow of information and ideas which is interactive and egalitarian, resulting in what has been called the Information Age. The technology has given the facility to its users to share information all around the†¦show more content†¦The right to collect information should be limited to specific government programs concerning national security for the reason that public safety is primary, and all resources to ensure it must be utilized, but only under a valid, legal process since privacy is also a r ight that has to be respected. As a matter of fact, it is the responsibility of the government to ensure the safety of its citizens. In order to live with tranquility and achieve peace, security is a main point to consider. Living in a place where citizens are not sure of what to expect every day they go out to the streets, drive, take a bus, go to their jobs, schools, leave their children or any kind of activity/ is something that would definitely diminish their life quality. As an illustration the terrorist attack of the United States of America on September 11 must be remembered, where thousands of innocent citizens died, and fear was caused through all the country. There have been other attacks, affecting always innocent citizens, like the bombs in the Boston Marathon, or the murders in schools. Threat to national security will always be present, and for that reason the government must take action into necessary security measures to protect the society the much as possible. As Jean Bethke Elshtain says,  "The primary responsibility of government is to provide basic security—ordinary civic peace.†

Is A College Education Worth It - 1533 Words

Is a college education worth it? While it is important to get a college education, there are many people who cannot afford to go to college. Going to college leaves adults in millions of dollars in debt for many years. This results in adults working most their life to just pay off their education. However, starting work right out of high school instead of going to a 4-year college has been more appealing to some people. Going to a trade school is less expensive and less time consuming. However, not all non-college jobs can support a family. To help ensure these skilled workers can make it, the work force needs to guarantee that non-college jobs pay well and offer good benefits. This requires strong labor standards, a tangible ability to†¦show more content†¦Today, blue-collar and white-collar families alike watch their kids struggle to find gainful employment. (Buffenbarger) Not only is finding a job hard, but many people are not prepared. Many students graduate from college with little understanding of math, reading, civics, or economics. To prepare students in college, the professors should incorporate into their courses high-impact educational practices, which connect academic lessons to real-world problems and foster creativity, collaboration, and critical thinking employers most value. (Glazer) In contrast, trade schools do this style of teaching. Once enrolled in a trade school, you will immediately start with classes that are based solely on the training needed to help you succeed in your future career. Most of the training is hands-on and takes place in a setting similar to the workplace. There are little-to-no general education course requirements. Learning a trade profession is a better option than college for many young adults. Today’s society is in need of trade professions to function. There has been a high number of young adults choosing college over learning trade. This has created a ‘skills gap’ in the US causing a s hortage of ‘middle-skilled’ trade workers like machinists, electricians, plumbers, and construction workers. (ProCon.org) To work in some trade professions, one must go to a tradeShow MoreRelatedIs A College Education Worth It?1018 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s society, the idea of receiving a college education has been pondered quite a bit as to whether or not it is actually worth it. According to Michelle Adam, many people â€Å"†¦today believe that getting a good education is key to success in our society, this revealed surprising issues that challenge the notion of higher education being worth its price tag† (59). Naturally, many high school graduates apply for college right before or after graduation. Others decide to go into the work force, armedRead MoreIs College Worth A Education?1140 Words   |  5 PagesIs college worth attending? Many graduating students are leaving college today with enormous amounts of student’s loans debt. So metimes they do not obtain the college degree that they were going to school for. Today many induvial believe that getting a good education is the key to success in our society. There are issues that challenge the notion of higher education being worth its price. While in college, many students suffer stress from all the school work and responsibilities that is requiredRead MoreIs College Education Worth It?1366 Words   |  6 PagesIs College Education Worth It? Have you ever wondered how much some of our nation’s top college presidents are paid? If not, then the CNN documentary Ivory Tower is a good starting point. The continual increase of college tuition and student loans has made headlines in the news recently, mostly because of the alarming amount of student debt in the United States. According to the College Board, in 2010, students graduated from college owing an average of $25,250 in student loans; the highest amountRead MoreIs A College Education Worth It?1443 Words   |  6 PagesMarch 2016 Is a College Education Worth It? Is the American dream just a dream?The worth of a college education is arguably one of the most controversial topics in the country. Over the years, the American education system seems to emphasize and underline the importance of college education. The reality of the situation is that a college education can be appreciated through looking at the statistical numbers of people that have enrolled in to college education. A college education is valued becauseRead MoreIs College Education Worth It?1460 Words   |  6 PagesIs College Education Worth It? Have you ever wondered how much some of our nation’s top college presidents earn as compensations? If not, then the CNN documentary Ivory Tower is a good starting point. The continual increase of college tuition and student loans has made headlines in the news recently, mostly because of the alarming amount of student debt in the United States. According to the College Board, in 2010, students graduated from college owing an average of $25,250 in student loans; theRead MoreIs College Education Worth It?1924 Words   |  8 PagesIs a College Education Worth It? Garrett Lazorchak Introduction The debate about whether a college education is worth it may have begun when the pilgrims first came over from Europe and founded â€Å"New College†, which was later changed to Harvard University in 1636. With over 19.9 million college students enrolled today and a combined student debt for the country of over 1.2 trillion dollars the debate continues today. People who argue that college is not worth it, point to the crippling debt thatRead MoreIs College Education Worth It1819 Words   |  8 PagesIs College Education Worth It? Hailey Mulligan October 24, 2012 Organization Communication MG320 Is College Education Worth It? Getting a â€Å"good† job is not straightforward as it used to be. In past generations, someone in an entry-level position could work their way up the ladder simply through hard work and determination; whether or not one had credentials or a diploma mattered very little. This is not the case today. Higher education is now critical to obtaining a better job because the demandRead MoreCollege Education Is Worth The Cost Of College926 Words   |  4 Pagesidea that they will go to college. However, few individuals take the time to think about the essence of a college education. For some people college education is worth it whiles for others it may not be worth the cost. General assumption of not making it to college and still making it in life has now become a wise saying for desperate people who have decided to chase money but not a career. A recent study emphasized that one can eventually make it without going to college but how many people do makeRead MoreIs A College Educati on Worth The Cost?1283 Words   |  6 PagesIs a College Education Worth the Cost? Have you ever just stopped to think about what it must be like to be â€Å"qualified† for a job yet be unemployed and homeless? Starving on the streets because you paid everything you had to an institution that was supposed to guarantee a better life, a more stable and successful career. Obviously this is an extreme case, not everyone who pays for college ends up living on the streets and broke, but almost every college graduate is in debt. For as long as collegeRead MorePursuing A College Education : Is It Worth It?1492 Words   |  6 PagesJohn McKeown AP Language, Period G Ms. Hasebroock December 4, 2014 Pursuing a College Education: Is It Worth It? Due to some recent events in my life, I have been strongly contemplating on whether or not college is the right choice for me. My father went to college at St. Norbert College in DePere, Wisconsin and shortly after he received a job as a clerk at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. He slowly worked his way up to a trading position in the pit, which can be potentially very rewarding. When

Process Analysis Essay on Process Writing Free Essays

AnalasysiPROCESS ANALYSIS WRITING Firstly, Process  or  processing  typically describes the action of taking something through an established and usually routine set of procedures or steps to convert it from one form to another, such as processing paperwork to grant a mortgage loan, processing milk into cheese, or converting computer data from one form to another. A process involves steps and decisions in the way work is accomplished, and may involve a sequence of events. The source of this information can be found on the website: Wikipedia (www. We will write a custom essay sample on Process Analysis Essay on Process Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now ikipedia. com) Secondly, ANALYSIS is when you tell your results to prove or disprove your original guess or hypothesis. Explaining why your results turned out this way. For example: If a scientist believes that he has found the cure for Aids, he then has certain steps to take. He first has to observe, identify, describe and experiment the drug or substance that he is certain it is the cure for aids, he then have to state everything in steps, from what he did, from the very beginning . This is called analysis. To tie the both in one: Process Analysis is basically a form of technical writing and expository writing. † designed to convey to the reader how a change takes place through a series of stages†. Technical writing is where The description of scientific and computer-related activities, whereas expository writing is a type of writing   where the purpose is to inform, explain, describe, or define the author’s subject to the reader. Expository text is meant to deposit information and is the most frequently used type of writing by students in colleges and universities. A well-written exposition remains focused on its topic and lists events in chronological order. Examples of expository writing include driving directions and instructions on performing a task. Key words such as first, after, next, then and last usually signal sequential writing. Most importantly first-person pronouns (I) should be avoided. Expository essays do not reveal the opinion of the writer or writers. When someone is reading a matter of Process Analysis, they are most likely interested in the chronological component; this is  a sequence of events arranged in their order of occurrence in time, such as a timeline. Process Writing is an approach which encourages English as a Second Language (ESL) – youngsters to communicate their own written messages while simultaneously developing their iteracy skills in speaking and reading rather than delaying involvement in the writing process, as advocated in the past, until students have perfected their abilities in handwriting, reading, phonetics, spelling, grammar, and punctuation. In Process Writing the communication of the message is paramount and therefore the developing, but inaccurate, attempts at handwriting, spelling, and grammar are accepted, know that within the process of regular writing opportunities students will gain control of these sub-skills. These skills are further developed in individual and small group conference interviews. † Some steps to process writing are: STEP 1: Pre-writing, which deals with your ideas and building on your ideas, Planning. STEP 2: Writing, this is when you do a rough draft of your plan. This stage is sometimes called the â€Å"don’t worry stage’’ you can have spelling errors, grammatical errors, here is why it is called a rough draft. Also remain focus on writing and go away from all distractions. STEP 3: Revising, here is where you do grammatical changes, omitting unimportant sentences, where you add or expand your word-count, or you can go back to your pre-writing notes for ideas as-well as re-arranging. STEP 4: Editing, this is distinct form revision. Here is where you actually go through line by line searching for errors, repetitiveness, punctuations. Also to make sure your writing is very clear and understandable and last but not least, to check for spelling. STEP 5: Publishing, this depends on what piece you are working on: student will need to produce a final copy including, bibliography, journalist will submit their copy, fiction writers sending their story to magazines. Etc. In conclusion these five steps are â€Å"a frame work of writing well and easy. † BIBLIOGRAPHY * Ali Hale -: Writing process * Heald -Taylor (1986): process writing method. *   Linda Flower and John R. Hayes in â€Å"A Cognitive Process Theory of Writing† (1981). * URL: http://leo. stcloudstate. edu/acadwrite/process. html * http://www. library. ualberta. ca/guides/index. cfm  to researching and writing essays. How to cite Process Analysis Essay on Process Writing, Essay examples

Needs of Syrian Refugee in Canada-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Psychosocial needs of Syrian refugee youths in Canada. Answer: Introduction Eastward and westward storms are breaking,--great, ugly whirlwinds of hatred and blood and cruelty. I will not believe them inevitable. The above quoted lines of W.E.B. Du Bois from the book The Wisdom of W.E.B. Du Bois clearly indicate the state of the present world. It is to be noted that the world at presently in inflicted with various crisis like the The Syrian War Crisis, The Greece Crisis, The Rohingya crisis and various others. The power crisis which the world is facing at the present moment can be attributed to various factors like the unequal distribution of power among the various entities of the present world, the rise of the various military industry complexes, the power discrepancy between the first world countries and the third world countries and various others (El-Khatib et al., 2013). It is to be noted that all these crises give rise to not only the various economic as well as social constraints but also give rise to the refugee crisis which the world is facing at large at the present moment. According to the UNHCR (2018), An unprecedented 65.6 million people around the world have been forced from ho me. Among them are nearly 22.5 million refugees, over half of whom are under the age of 18. The following figure gives an overview of the refugee crisis faced by the world at present- Figure 1: Trend of global displacement and proportion displacement Source: UNHCR It is to be noted that there are several kinds of refugees- the political asylum seekers, internally displaced people, environmental migrants, forced displacement and various others (Fargues Fandrich, 2012). It is to be noted that the various nations of the world have several legislations in place for the protection as well as the asylum of the refugees. According to the UNHCR (2018), The 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol as well as other legal texts, such as the 1969 OAU Refugee Convention, remain the cornerstone of modern refugee protection. Therefore, in accordance with these international dictums the various nations of the world like Canada, USA, UK and various others provide asylum to the refugees belonging to the various crisis area. A typical example of this is the asylum provided by the nation of Canada to the refugees of Syria. Patrick Kingsley talks about the nature of the various refugees in the words, For a start, people who traveled for so many miles through such horrific conditions in order to find work cannot accurately be portrayed as lazy benefit-scroungers. This paper intends to study the psychosocial needs of the Syria refugee youths in the nation of Canada. The Psychosocial Well-Being of Refugees Youth The psychosocial concept Psychosocial needs can be defined as the needs which the refugees as well as the asylum seekers needs in order to meet their basic needs includes their emotional and mental well-being (Wells et al., 2016). Psychosocial care skills form an important domain of the psychosocial needs (Almoshmosh, 2015). These skills enable the natives or the citizens of a particular nation to help the refugees to fulfill their psychosocial needs. The domain of the psychosocial needs consists of various needs like- Social needs Cultural needs Sexual needs Spiritual needs Mental needs Emotional needs Health care needs Others Psychosocial challenges affecting refugee youth According to Ed Diener, Probably the biggest insight is that happiness is not just a place but also a process. Happiness is an ongoing process of fresh challenges, and it takes the right attitudes and activities to continue to be happy. Therefore, the well-being of the refugees will depend on a proper correlation of the above listed needs. The social needs of the refugees include a proper social environment where they can mingle with the other natives (Jabbar Zaza, 2014). This need can also include the desire of the refugees to be loved by the native citizens of the nation to which they are migrating and also the feeling of belongingness. This need of the refugees can also include a desire for an environment which is different from the social unrest in their own parent country. The Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory provides an insight into the social needs of the people only in the context of the workplace framework but also in the general social needs of the refugees in the asylum lands as well (Jabbar Zaza, 2014). The cultural needs of the refugees include the desire of theirs to adhere to as well as practice the culture of their native land to the new country to which they have taken asylum. The health care need of the refugees includes their desire to have effective health care facilities which will look after them in case of illness, medical emergencies and other similar situations (Hassan et al., 2016). It is interesting to note that the precepts of Self-determination theory (SDT) are important to note here. This theory can be seen as a a macro theory of human motivation and personality that concerns people's inherent growth tendencies and innate psychological needs (Fargues Fandrich, 2012). The focus of the theory is on the motivation factor which determines the action of an individual in an external environment that is different from his or her normal environment. The theory also takes into consideration the degree to which an individual's behavior is self-motivated and self-determined (Fargues Fandrich, 2012). Therefore, the behavior of the refugees in the country of their asylum can be determined on the basis of this particular theory. Syrian War Crisis In the opinion of Aberjhani articulated in the work Illuminated Corners: Collected Essays and Articles Volume I, Freedom rings bells to wake us from the comfort of beautiful dreams and empower the efforts that turn them into reality. This line of Aberjhani becomes very relevant when the current crisis in the country of Syria is taken into consideration. It is to be noted that the Syria is a South-east Asian country where the majority of the population consists of Muslims. The crisis of Syria started in the year 2011 when the citizens of the nation rose in open rebellion against the existing government of the nation (Aras Mencutek, 2015). The present scenario in Syria finds adequate representation in the words of Aberjhani articulated in the work Journey through the Power of the Rainbow: Quotations from a Life Made Out of Poetry, Death wins nothing here, gnawing wings that amputate then spread, lift up, fly. According to the BBC News (2018), one of the major reasons for the crisis in Syria is the diversity in the population of the nation, which comprises of the Shia as well as the Sunni Muslims. It is to be noted that the Prime Minister of Syria, Bashar al-Assad used to govern the nation in a dictatorial manner. Therefore, several entities of the population rose in rebellion against this autocratic rule of Bashar al-Assad in the year 2011. It is to be noted that since then there has been various interventions on the part of various international organizations like the United Nations and nations belonging to the first world like United States of America, Canada, Russia and others to resolve the crisis. However, all negotiations have failed to deliver the desired results (Aras Mencutek, 2015). According to the Refugee Council of Australia (2018), the March 2017 Geneva peace talks on Syria was arranged so that the issue in the nation of Syria could be resolved. However, this intervention o n the part of the United Nations resulted in a peaceful environment in the nation only for a week. It is to be noted that the crisis in Syria has been made grim by the participation of the various first world countries of the world in the domestic affairs of Syria. Russia, for instance, is a supporter of the cause of the government of Bashar al-Assad (Aras Mencutek, 2015). However, the United States of America, on the other hand, is a supporter of the cause of the rebel people of the nation of Syria and therefore has taken a stance against the dictatorial government of Bashar al-Assad. The words of Aberjhani articulated in the work The River of Winged Dreams becomes significant here, In an age of bombs guzzling blood, skylarks merge peace with thought and action. The above mentioned situation in the nation became aggravated when the government of Bashar al-Assad took the help of the country of Russia to bomb the areas where the rebellious faction of the crisis resides. This has not only resulted in a capital destruction of the human lives belonging to the nation of Syria but has also led to a capital destruction of the natural resources of the nation. The serious threat which the current crisis in Syria and the consequent refugees crisis entails has been adequately captured in the words of Samantha Power when she said, Half of Syria's refugees are children, and we know what can happen to children who grow to adulthood without hope or opportunity in refugee camps. The camps become fertile recruiting grounds for violent extremists. This grim situation has made the citizens of the nation to fled from their motherland of Syria and seek asylum in various other countries of the world like Canada, the United States of America, the adjoining nations and others. It is to be noted that the United States of America has been a major supporter of the cause of the Syrian refugees and as per a report of the US State Department, the total aid fund of the United States of America since 2012 till now has touched an astounding figure of $7 billion and is still counting (Morello Morello, 2018). In addition to this, the government of the United States of America also provides political asylum to the refugees of Syria along with other aids possible (U.S. Department of State, 2018). It is to be noted that the nation of Canada is also not very far behind in this list of supporters to the cause of the current crisis in the nation of Syria. The Refugee Journey and Its Impact on Youth Experiences impacting Syrian refugee youth in Canada It is to be noted that the citizens of the present world have become more migratory than the citizens of the previous era. This might be a reflection of several factors which the world and its citizens are facing at the moment. One probable reason for this is the conflict or the crisis which the majority of the third world countries like Syria, Botswana, Greece and others are facing at the moment. Therefore, in order to evade the conflict in their homeland the citizens of these countries often migrate from their homeland to the first world countries in a bid to get better as well as safer environments (Benezer Zetter, 2014). The three phases of the refugee journey There are three stages to the migration process of the youths as well as the other refugees. These stages can be summarized as pre-migration, migration and post-migration stages (Edge, Newbold McKeary, 2014). The first stage of pre-migration involves the factors which force the citizens to migrate from their host countries to the other safer nations. For example, in the case of Syria, the pre-migration stage can involve the crisis which the nation is facing at the moment. The country Syria has been torn apart with the struggle for political power ever since the year 2011. Therefore, the citizens are looking for safer abodes to fulfill their life requirements. The second stage involves the stage of the actual migration. It is to be noted that several factors affect the decision of the refugees for the selection of the country to which they are about to seek the political asylum. However, the primary consideration of the people is the security factor (Benezer Zetter, 2014). It is to be noted that along with the security factor other psychosocial needs also play an important role in this process. The third stage is the stage of pre-migration. It is to be noted that during this particular stage the refugees look for the fulfillment of their various psychosocial needs (Fazel et al., 2012). The various refugees look for the fulfillment of their various psychosocial needs in the chosen country of their refuge. Therefore, this stage is one of the most important stages during the entire journey. Empirical evidence linking phases of post-migration with psychosocial well-being It is to be noted that en empirical study of the various literatures published in the context of the refugees reveals that the various refugees after migrating to the nation of their political asylum are confronted with various factors. The primary among them is the physical disorders as well as the ailments which they face (Edge, Newbold McKeary, 2014). Most of the studies reveal the fact that the majority of the refugees suffer from various sleeping disorders and other ailments like stress, anxiety, depression and several others. In addition to this, there are several other factors with which the refugees are confronted with like the lack of employment, housing problems and others. Canadas response to the Syrian War Crisis According to the statistics provided by the Government of Canada, Canada has committed over $1 billion in humanitarian, development and security assistance in response to the Syria crisis (The Globe and Mail, 2018). In addition to this, the Prime Minister of Canada, Justin Trudeau, in the year 2016 announced that Canada's new strategy to address the ongoing crises in Iraq and Syria, including further increases over the next three years to Canada's security, stabilization, humanitarian and development assistance (CBC News, 2018). In addition to this the government of Canada also provides asylum services to the refugees of Syria. According to an estimate, The Government of Canada resettled 25,000 Syrian refugees between November 2015 and February 29, 2016(Canadian international assistance in Syria, 2018). In addition to this, the Canadian government under its Canadas humanitarian assistance program provides aid to the citizens of Syria who are still residing in Syria to meet the food, shelter, health, protection and emergency education needs of theirs (Canadas response to the conflict in Syria, 2018). The government of Canada, under the leadership of Justin Trudeau has announced the inauguration of a new program called by the name of Syria Emergency Relief Fund (Canadas response to the conflict in Syria, 2018). It is to be noted that the government of Canada has generously contributed an amount of more than $31.8 million to the Syrian Emergency Relief Fund to support humanitarian relief efforts in response to the conflict in Syria, which the Government of Canada is matching (Refugees, 2018). In addition to all these, the government of Canada has inaugurated a new program called security-related assistance (Refugees, 2018). It is to be noted that under this particular program the government of Canada seeks to mitigate the amount of risks which the citizens of Syria faces at the moment due to the use of the chemical and other harmful kinds of weapons which not only threaten to destroy their present lives but also threatens to destroy their future as well. Factors Impacting the Psychosocial Well-being of Refugee Youth As per the review provided by the United Nations Human Development Index in the year 2016, the nation of Syria stands on the 149th position out of the 188 present countries of the world (Pantti, 2016). It is interesting to note that as per the same review given by the United Nations Human Development Index in the year 2010, the nation of Syria had a ranking of 113 on a list of 189 countries (Pantti, 2016). This is a reflection of the current crisis which the nation of Syria is undergoing since the year 2011. According to an estimate, More than 13 million people inside Syria are in desperate need of humanitarian assistance; over six million of these have been internally displaced by conflict (The number of displaced people in the world just hit a record high., 2018). In addition to this there are several million people still living in Syria are in need of some of the most basic amenities of life like food, shelter, primary education and others. Therefore, the majority of the populatio n of Syria has decided to follow the path of migration (Alpak et al., 2015). It is to be noted that the balance as well as the order of the world has been considerably disturbed as more than 5 million local citizens of Syria have migrated to the neighbouring countries like Turkey, Lebanon, Jordon and others (The number of displaced people in the world just hit a record high., 2018). Psychological factors The Canadian government declared that primary aim of the funds allocated to the Syrian cause and the asylum provided to the refugees is to provide "an opportunity to put a vehicle where Canadians will be able to channel their generosity" (Ryan, 2012). However, just providing asylum to the refugees is not enough. The various factors affecting the psychosocial well-being of the refugee youths can be broadly classified under the headings psychosocial factors, family related factors and systematic factors. The primary psychosocial need of the refugees is security. It is to be noted that the citizens of the nation of Syria have been facing political turmoil since the year 2011 and even before that in the autocratic rule of the Syrian Prime Minister, Bashar al-Assad (Ryan, 2012). Therefore, the primary as well as the foremost requirement of the Syrian refugees is security which the nation of Canada because of its stable political as well as social environment can easily provide to the refu gees of Syria (Francis, 2012). In addition to this, there are various other psychosocial needs of the refugees in the nation of Canada like the physical needs, spiritual needs, sexual needs, educational needs, occupational needs and others. Family related factors One of the psychosocial needs of the refugees from Syria is a safe and sound social environment where they can achieve their life goals in a much better manner and lead a safe life. The citizens of Syria have been facing social unrest all their life and also the society of Syria is a very conservative on account of its being a Muslim one (Evron, 2013). Therefore, the social environment of the nation of Canada will be an ideal place for the people of Syria as here they will get to fulfill their intended life goals in a much better manner and also to lead their life in a much better manner (Francis, 2012). Moreover, they will get to lead to lives as per their own choice as the government of Canada is a very liberal one and does not put restrictions on the lives of its citizens. Thus, the social environment of Canada will cater to the social needs of the war refugees of Canada. Another psychosocial need of the refugees of Syria is the cultural need which would lead them to live their lives in a much better manner. The culture of Syria as already mentioned is a very conservative one and therefore, the citizens of Syria do not get to enjoy and live their lives as per their own choice (Evron, 2013). Therefore, the benevolent atmosphere of Canada will be very suitable for the refugees of Syria who had to spend all their lives in a very conservative culture (Francis, 2012). The educational climate provided by the nation of Canada is also a very remarkable one. The nation is one of the premier ones in terms of the quality of education which it provides to the students and it also boasts of some of the best colleges as well as universities of the world (Francis, 2012). The nation, along with the various world renowned educational institutions also consists of some of the most reputed companies as well as organizations of the world. Thus, the chances are very that the students who complete their education from these reputed educational institutions of the nation of Canada are likely to get jobs at these companies as well as organizations which form the backbone of the economy of Canada. It is to be noted that the educational opportunities provided by the nation of Syria is not par with the ones provided by the first world countries or for that matter of the other third world countries (Sirin Rogers-Sirin, 2015). Moreover, the job prospects provided by the nation of Syria is also not on par with the other nations of the world be it the first world countries or the third world countries (Sirin Rogers-Sirin, 2015). Therefore, educational as well as job facilities will be another psychosocial need of the refugees of the nation of Syria which have not been getting in their native land of Syria (Allison, 2013). The country of Canada with its highly developed educational system and its global companies is more likely to provide better opportunities to the people than the ones which they used to get their native mother land. Systematic factors One of the most important psychosocial needs of the refugees is the health as well as the mental need which would enable them to live their lives in a much better manner. It is to be noted that Canada is one of the advanced countries of the world in terms of the health care as well as the mental care opportunities which they provide to the people (Francis, 2012). Therefore, the refugees of Syria will enjoy the opportunities provided by the country of Canada. It is to be noted that the health care as well as the mental care opportunities offered by the nation of Syria are very limited and therefore the citizens of Syria had to compromise on that front (Milbury et al., 2013). The wealthy citizens of the nation take the help of the medical as well as the health care services provided by the first world countries (Sharara Kanj, 2014). However, the poor people of the nation had to compromise and suffer as the nation of Syria has not made much of progress in the field of health care and m ental care. The above listed ones are some of the basic psychosocial needs of the war refugees of the nation of Syria. In the opinion of Aysha Taryam, If Syria is to rise from the ashes it needs a united Arab world which has one thing on its agenda, not the falling of a dictator for we have seen many of those fall, but the reemergence of a prosperous Arab nation, one that is not reliant on foreign aid but is self-sustained and set on its way to become powerful once again. Therefore, the best way to find a solution to the current crisis in the nation of Syria will be to follow the lead provided by Aysha Taryam. However, presently the various nations of the world need to take the onus on themselves and provide safe asylums to the people of Syria. The government of Canada in one of its declarations said, "It's time to live up to this country's proud, proud history of being a place of refuge, of safety. Canadians can do it but they need a partner in Ottawa". Literature Gap It is to be noted that since the emergence of the war crisis in the nation of Syria various authors as well as researchers have written on the topics of the crisis in Syria, the issues which the nation is facing, the possible solution for the issues faced by them, the refugee crisis, the economic drainage which the war has brought not only on the nation of Syria but also on the world economy, the aids and funds provided by the various nations of the world like the United States of America, Canada and others and also the interventions of the United Nations. Therefore, as it becomes apparent from the above list the major researches as well as the works which have been conducted in this particular field have been in the aspect of war and the consequent crisis which followed. This particular research will be a unique one as not many researchers have tried to focus on the issues of the psychosocial needs of the Syrian refugee youths in the nation of Canada. This research will therefore fo cus on the psychosocial needs of the Syrian refugee youths who were deprived of their fundamental rights in their own country during the autocratic rule of the Syrian Prime Minister, Bashar al-Assad. Therefore, this paper will focus on the psychosocial requirements of the refugee youths who after moving to the nation of Canada will be hoping for a change in the social, political, economic, educational, mental, health care and other aspects of everyday life. This research will primarily deal with the psychosocial needs of the Syrian war refugee youths who are in the age band of 18-25 and will also try to find the ways which will improve their lot. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it becomes clear that the Syrian war and its related refugee crisis is one of the major issues which the world is facing at the moment. It has not only taken a toll on the nation of Syria but is also affecting the other nations of the world. Therefore, the various developed and the first world nations of the world like the United States of America, Canada and others and also the United Nations needs to address the issue in order to reclaim the equilibrium of the nation of Syria but also to reclaim the power balance of the world. More important than that, addressing the psychosocial need of the Syrian refugees is of paramount importance because if the needs of these refugees are not properly addressed then it will further aggravate the situation. The fulfillment of the psychosocial needs of the refugees of the Syrian crisis will help to improve their condition and will also help them not to resort to extreme means. References Allison, R. (2013). Russia and Syria: explaining alignment with a regime in crisis.International Affairs,89(4), 795-823. Almoshmosh, N. (2015). Highlighting the mental health needs of Syrian refugees.Intervention,13(2), 178-181. Alpak, G., Unal, A., Bulbul, F., Sagaltici, E., Bez, Y., Altindag, A., ... Savas, H. A. (2015). Post-traumatic stress disorder among Syrian refugees in Turkey: a cross-sectional study.International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice,19(1), 45-50. Aras, N. E. G., Mencutek, Z. S. (2015). The international migration and foreign policy nexus: the case of Syrian refugee crisis and Turkey.Migration letters,12(3), 193. Benezer, G., Zetter, R. (2014). Searching for directions: Conceptual and methodological challenges in researching refugee journeys.Journal of Refugee Studies,28(3), 297-318. Canadas response to the conflict in Syria. (2018).GAC. Retrieved 14 March 2018, from https://international.gc.ca/world-monde/issues_development-enjeux_developpement/response_conflict-reponse_conflits/crisis-crises/conflict_syria-syrie.aspx?lang=eng Canadian international assistance in Syria. (2018).GAC. Retrieved 14 March 2018, from https://international.gc.ca/world-monde/issues_development-enjeux_developpement/priorities-priorites/where-ou/syria-syrie.aspx?lang=eng Edge, S., Newbold, K. B., McKeary, M. (2014). Exploring socio-cultural factors that mediate, facilitate, constrain the health and empowerment of refugee youth.Social Science Medicine,117, 34-41. El-Khatib, Z., Scales, D., Vearey, J., Forsberg, B. C. (2013). Syrian refugees, between rocky crisis in Syria and hard inaccessibility to healthcare services in Lebanon and Jordan.Conflict and health,7(1), 18. Evron, Y. (2013).War and Intervention in Lebanon (Routledge Revivals): The Israeli-Syrian Deterrence Dialogue. Routledge. Fargues, P., Fandrich, C. (2012).The European Response to the Syrian Refugee Crisis: What next?. Fazel, M., Reed, R. V., Panter-Brick, C., Stein, A. (2012). Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in high-income countries: risk and protective factors.The Lancet,379(9812), 266-282. Federal government announces more humanitarian aid for Syria refugees. (2018).The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 14 March 2018, from https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/canada-promises-more-humanitarian-aid-for-syria-refugees/article26346443/ Francis, D. (2012).The imaginary Indian: The image of the Indian in Canadian culture. Arsenal Pulp Press. Gasher, M., Lorimer, R., Skinner, D. (2012).Mass communication in Canada. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Hassan, G., Ventevogel, P., Jefee-Bahloul, H., Barkil-Oteo, A., Kirmayer, L. J. (2016). Mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of Syrians affected by armed conflict.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences,25(2), 129-141. Jabbar, S. A., Zaza, H. I. (2014). Impact of conflict in Syria on Syrian children at the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan.Early child development and care,184(9-10), 1507-1530. Key facts on the conflict in Syria and Iraq - Refugee Council of Australia. (2018).Refugee Council of Australia. Retrieved 4 March 2018, from https://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/getfacts/international/causes/syrian-iraqi-conflict/?gclid=CjwKCAiAz-7UBRBAEiwAVrz-9dr6NkQ3Kp-bLuRhGDZT5pHoTU-LB3qrQFR5AcZqhr9baenMLCy7hhoCNcQQAvD_BwE Love, B., Crook, B., Thompson, C. M., Zaitchik, S., Knapp, J., LeFebvre, L., ... Rechis, R. (2012). Exploring psychosocial support online: a content analysis of messages in an adolescent and young adult cancer community.Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking,15(10), 555-559. Milbury, K., Rosenthal, D. I., El-Naggar, A., Badr, H. (2013). An exploratory study of the informational and psychosocial needs of patients with human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer.Oral oncology,49(11), 1067-1071. Morello, C., Morello, C. (2018).U.S. gives $419 million more to aid Syrian refugees.Washington Post. Retrieved 4 March 2018, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-gives-419-million-more-to-aid-syrian-refugees/2015/09/21/7f0157c6-607e-11e5-8e9e-dce8a2a2a679_story.html?utm_term=.dbfe0759740c Pantti, M. (2016). Seeing and not seeing the Syrian crisis: New visibility and the visual framing of the Syrian conflict in seven newspapers and their online editions.JOMEC journal, (4). Refugees, U. (2018).Figures at a Glance.UNHCR. Retrieved 14 March 2018, from https://www.unhcr.org/figures-at-a-glance.html Ryan, C. (2012). The new Arab cold war and the struggle for Syria.Middle East Report,262, 28-31. Sharara, S. L., Kanj, S. S. (2014). War and infectious diseases: challenges of the Syrian civil war.PLoS Pathogens,10(11), e1004438. Sirin, S. R., Rogers-Sirin, L. (2015).The educational and mental health needs of Syrian refugee children. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute. Syria: The story of the conflict. (2018).BBC News. Retrieved 4 March 2018, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26116868 Syrian emergency fund is for those 'most in need,' government says. (2018).CBC News. Retrieved 14 March 2018, from https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-federal-humanitarian-assistance-syrians-1.3225728 The number of displaced people in the world just hit a record high. (2018).World Economic Forum. Retrieved 14 March 2018, from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/06/there-are-now-more-refugees-than-the-entire-population-of-the-uk/ U.S. Humanitarian Assistance in Response to the Syrian Crisis. (2018).U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 4 March 2018, from https://www.state.gov/j/prm/releases/factsheets/2017/269469.htm Wells, R., Steel, Z., Abo-Hilal, M., Hassan, A. H., Lawsin, C. (2016). Psychosocial concerns reported by Syrian refugees living in Jordan: Systematic review of unpublished needs assessments.The British Journal of Psychiatry, bjp-bp.

History of the Non

Introduction Non profit organizations have always been considered as voluntary organizations that are officiated by private contributions. They are also regarded as silent contributors to the welfare of the public as well as the personal interests of individuals in society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of the Non-Profit Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main difference between non-profit and profit organizations is that profit organizations core obligation is to gross income and reallocate assessable wealth to the workforce as well as the shareholders while non-profit organizations core obligation is to provide self-beneficial and self preservation programs and services. Consequently it is common to find volunteer human resources as well as volunteer executives who perform various roles without receiving any form of reparation. Charitable organizations, trade unions, public arts organizations as well as several other governments and government agencies all form examples of non-profit organizations which are sometimes referred as not-for-profit organizations. Due to the self-interest goals perpetuated by these organizations as well as their role in society, most nations choose to exempt NPOs from revenue and property duty since the governments fail to execute or enforce policies proposed by the NPOs. In essence, non-profit organizations are able to make a profit which is referred to as surplus and calculated at the end of every fiscal year; these earnings are retained as working capital for the internal mechanisms of the organization as well as further expansion plans rather than being distributed as dividend, shares or debentures. In most cases, NPOs use the surplus funds to hire new staff, reward the internal corporate leadership through bonuses and benefits. The mid- level management staff along with the entire human resource of the NPOs also receive incentives at the end of the year through the surplus funds. This essay aims at discussing the history of non profit organizations as well as the transformations that have taken place in the organizations over the years. A history of Non profit organizations According to Kranshinsky (1996), the non profit sector has existed in Europe and the United States since the eighteenth century though the organizations have only recently become prominent and a widely accepted aspect of the western society. The organizations’ initial operation system was strictly for charitable reasons meaning the non profit organizations in the 18th and 19th centuries never carried out business transactions. The non profit organizations of the early period depended entirely on funds donated by the financiers (Morris, 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A survey in America revealed that there were slightly m ore than 12,000 charitable tax-exempt organizations that had no religious support while currently more than half a million of such organizations exist in America alone(Hammack, 2002). The department of trade was initially responsible for authorizing non profit organizations on behalf of the government though congress and state legislatures were later given that mandate as well as the power to establish which sort of non-profit organizations meet the requirements to be excused from paying taxes. In the 1960s, there was a rise in the number of non profit organizations in third world countries as an increasing number of communities were identified as needy either through education, food, clothing or shelter (Hammack, 2002). As a consequence, the number of NPOs in South America, Africa and Asia almost doubled in a span of less than ten years (Kranshinsky, 1996). In addition, the discovery of fatal untreatable diseases such as AIDS, Ebola, and cancer among other diseases acted as a catal yst for the augmentation of NPOs that sought to research on specific diseases and provide a cure or disease management programs (Morris, 2000). Affluent members of the public were encouraged to provide support and promote several other non profit organizations (Powell Steinberg, 2006). The responsibility of NPOs is basically to provide social services and attend to the requirements of a community such poverty, unemployment, and relief. Therefore the increasing number of non profit organizations is an indicator that the number of people that depend on non-profit organizations for aid and relief is greater than before (Morris, 2000). With reference to Morris (2000), the management and governance of non profit organizations has undergone constant transformation since their inception. Initially, NPOs were not allowed to have members and hence were made up of a self governing board that controlled all the operations of the organizations. The NPOs were permitted to function as trusts hen ce activities such decision-making by the management, conflicts of interest and self-dealing were strictly prohibited (Kranshinsky, 1996). The implementation of the American Bar Association’s Model Nonstock Corporation Statute by the United States in the late 20th century expanded the jurisdiction of NPOs as far as permissible activities were concerned. According to Hammack (2002), the most notable change during this period was the modification of the fiduciary standard from one of â€Å"trust† to a â€Å"business† standard, and hence non profit organizations were permitted to have members basically function similar to for-profit organizations (Powell Steinberg, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of the Non-Profit Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The change in standard was significant since in actual fact made dissimilarities between nonprofit and for-profit institutions vague enough for the two types of organizations to have almost similar operational systems. Consequently, the legal description of a nonprofit organization has also been stretched out to consist of any activity or entity that does not entail the sharing of surplus profit in the form of dividends (Morris, 2000). Legislatures have been instrumental in altering the definition as well as the roles, tasks, and authority of nonprofit organizations in an attempt by the government to settle legal expansions with existing social and economic activities (Kranshinsky, 1996). The late twentieth century brought about fresh perspectives and ideologies that were viewed to have the potential to facilitate NPOs in realizing their corporate objectives more successfully through the application of various structures that were intended for profit organizations (Salamon Anheier, 1996). Some of the proposed changes are effective internal management, enhanced accountability for all levels of the organizat ion and performance screen of the various departments or tasks so as to utilize the human and financial resources available(Powell Steinberg, 2006). Such transformational changes necessitate a change in management and the general operation of the organization leading to the running of NPOs as for-profit organizations (Morris, 2000). Non profit organization Values The Non profit organizations have operated under different value systems since their inception though there are two values which seem to stand out through out the history of nonprofits and have been found to be also applicable in the current situation (Morris, 2000). These values are: Justification of public good and utility, and public representation. Discussing the values; will give insight to the historical transition NPOs have undergone as well as understand the fundamental responsibilities of NPOs (Salamon Anheier, 1996). Justification of public good and utility This value according to Drucker deals with providing an outline to the correlation of nonprofit organizations to the requirements and principles of the society (Drucker, 1990). Basically the value entails offering transparency in relation to the functions of the organization, the responsibility of the organization to community in addition to the way the needs of society have changed over time (Hammack, 2002). In addition, the value directs the leadership of the organization on how to endorse the excellence of the organization to the public as well as the level of association required when relating to sponsors, administration units as well as other influential bodies in order to evenly distribute clout (Salamon Anheier, 1996). This value essentially provokes the organizational leadership to work as guides to society in order to easily identify and resolve pertinent issues.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The value of public representation This value is concerned with the subject of diversity and stakeholder management. In addition this value also deals with the individuals and the means liable of classifying relations between nonprofit organizations and the society (Drucker, 1990). The identity of stakeholders also comes into focus under this value where the individuality and the different perspectives of the stakeholders have to be clear in order to provide guidance and direction to the NPOs (Salamon Anheier, 1996). Public representation is not the same as factual representation by stakeholders neither is it a representative structure, despite the fact that both positions may be applied by a particular organization (Drucker, 1990). This value was put in place to provoke the leadership; to insure that the different points of view that exemplify the organization’s community are accessible by the organization and exploration of the perceptions also takes place. Hammack (2002) asserts that the organization should seek to nurture evocative diversity among its members and subjects rather than have an analogous discernment from its members. Theories regarding the establishment of nonprofit organizations The theories about the creation of NPOs are based on the conventional perception of a rational choice where commonly available goods and services are the most prominent factor. There are several different theories that attempt to explain the history of non-profit organizations as well as their ability to meet the society’s demand for public goods. The theory of the (Market / State) Failure is the most outstanding theory and the naissance requirement of this theory is the supposition that the operation of market is imperfect since performing markets have several deficits which prevent the saturation of all the needs in society(Kranshinsky, 1996). In addition, societies prefer to acquire public goods for free hence the production of public goods is not p rofitable and consequently there is a shortage of market subjects. Usually the state or the public administration in democratic systems intervene by paying for the goods through the public budget as long as the majority of voters agree to the production of particular public goods(Powell Steinberg, 2006). Whereas only a minority agrees, production of public goods ceases leading to the prevalence of numerous unsaturated needs and demands on public goods. Consequently, NPOs start being established to provide services and goods that neither state nor market is able to provide to society. Theory of Confidence is another hypothesis that argues that the establishment of NPOs is due to failures of the market in creating reliable environment for implementing trade (Morris, 2000). According to Salamon Anheier (1996), the low circulation of information regarding the quality of goods and services from the supplier breeds mistrust and low confidence on the goods and services leading to contrac tual failure. According to Powell Steinberg (2006), the consumer as a result tends to go for NPOs since they do not operate with the aim of making excessive profit and therefore it is improbable they would try to deceive the consumer. The final supposition is the Welfare State Theory which according to Kranshinsky (1996) significantly alters the scholarly view regarding the importance of NPOs in society. This theory classifies NPOs as pre-modern systems vital for resolving social problems (Drucker, 1990). NPOs under such circumstances normally arise in conventional society sine its inception, where there is no public administration or the administration is not yet completely developed to function effectively (Powell Steinberg, 2006). The industrialization and state social policy, however, brought about several changes that greatly reduced the significance of NPOs since the state and government took on most of the responsibilities previously held by NPOs. It is this development tha t led scholars to assume that NPOs might gradually fade away especially after the improvement of the public administration. Deeper scrutiny of this theory by Powell Steinberg (2006) reveals the implications as well as the reasons of the establishment and incessant subsistence of NPOs in the contemporary modern environment is mainly a common practice rather than the failure of state to perform accordingly through the imperfections identified in the services provided by the state (Morris, 2000). To the contrast, it is to a certain extent the deficiency of state or else the fact that the duties of the state are still not yet fully effective that has led to the emergence and continuous existence of NPOs (Kranshinsky, 1996). The final view is that in the fields where the state has already taken a fundamental role, it succeeds in providing for communities and is even more effective than NPOs in affording services (Salamon Anheier, 1996). Consequently, the expansion of the supporting rol e of the state and the effectiveness of the state in dispensing its duties is likely to place the state ahead of other organizations in the public eye and hence slowly NPOs will be replaced by the state in the community and public support fields. Conclusion The global nonprofit sector altogether has a wide historical facet that has played a critical role in establishing the mandate of NPOs currently in operation. The state and federal laws have changed over time and the amendment of these laws has constantly identified the roles to be played by both nonprofit firms as well as nonprofit organizations and the laws have also determined the type of leadership and membership the organizations will have. The laws on the other hand have been influenced by factors such as conflicts of individual freedom, the position of the government on NPOs, the position of different religious groups, races, social customs, income groups, gender, as well as the availability and demand of public goods and services. The clear position however is that the number of NPOs have increased through out history with the total number of nonprofit employees in the U.S. workforce for instance having grown from 0.7% to 1.4% in the early 20th century and from 3% in the mid 20th century to 9% at the turn of the 21st century. The main reason for such an increase in the staff and capacity of NPOs has been the emerging and expanding public needs through out the world. For instance, education in the early 1900 was not a priority and hence no NPOs were involved in providing education to the community. In addition, the gradual increase in the government’s financial support to the sector, increase in consumer wealth as well as the amendments done on individual rights have helped the NPO sector to secure its role in the society. References Drucker, P. (1990). Managing the Non-Profit Organization: Practices and Principles. New York: HarperCollins. Hammack, D. (2002). Nonprofit Organizations in Americ an History. American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 45, No. 11, 1638-1674. Kranshinsky, M. (1996). Transaction Costs and a Theory of the Nonprofit Organization. In: Rose-Ackerman Susan. The Economics of Nonprofit Institutions. New York: Oxford University Press. Morris, S. (2000). Defining the Nonprofit Sector: Some Lessons from History. International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, Vol.11, No. 1, pp. 25-43. Powell, W. and Steinberg, R. (2006). The nonprofit sector: a research handbook. Web. Salamon, L. and Anheier, H. (1996). Social origins of civil society: Explaining the nonprofit sector cross-nationally. Web. This essay on History of the Non-Profit Sector was written and submitted by user Raphael Watts to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Diplomatic Relations

The Diplomatic and consular relations are designed in the Vienna Conventions of 1961 and 1963. Both relations have many similarities, but also there are differences between them. Diplomatic relations are more formal and are between states, take place between diplomats of two or more states. On the other hand, consular relations are generally in citizen level, as consulates are established by one state in another state for the purpose of dealing with the affairs of its citizens traveling or residing there. Consulate An office established by one state in an important city of another state for the purpose of supporting and protecting its citizens travelling or residing there. In addition, these offices are charges with performing other important administrative duties such as issuing visas (where this is required) to host country nationals wishing to travel to the country the consulate represents. All consulates, whether located in the capital city or in other communities, are administratively under the ambassador and the embassy. In addition to carrying out their consular duties, they often serve as branch offices for the embassy, supporting, for example, the latter’s political and economic responsibilities. Consulates are expected to play a particularly significant role in connection with the promotion of their own country’s exports and other commercial activities. Officers performing consular duties are known as consuls or, if more junior, vice consuls. The chief of the consulate i s known as the consul. Diplomatic Immunity Diplomatic immunity is a principle of international law by which certain foreign government officials are not subject to the jurisdiction of local courts and other authorities. The concept of immunity began with ancient tribes. In order to exchange information, messengers were allowed to travel from tribe to tribe without fear of harm. They were protected even when they brought bad news. Today, immunity protec... Free Essays on Diplomatic Relations Free Essays on Diplomatic Relations The Diplomatic and consular relations are designed in the Vienna Conventions of 1961 and 1963. Both relations have many similarities, but also there are differences between them. Diplomatic relations are more formal and are between states, take place between diplomats of two or more states. On the other hand, consular relations are generally in citizen level, as consulates are established by one state in another state for the purpose of dealing with the affairs of its citizens traveling or residing there. Consulate An office established by one state in an important city of another state for the purpose of supporting and protecting its citizens travelling or residing there. In addition, these offices are charges with performing other important administrative duties such as issuing visas (where this is required) to host country nationals wishing to travel to the country the consulate represents. All consulates, whether located in the capital city or in other communities, are administratively under the ambassador and the embassy. In addition to carrying out their consular duties, they often serve as branch offices for the embassy, supporting, for example, the latter’s political and economic responsibilities. Consulates are expected to play a particularly significant role in connection with the promotion of their own country’s exports and other commercial activities. Officers performing consular duties are known as consuls or, if more junior, vice consuls. The chief of the consulate i s known as the consul. Diplomatic Immunity Diplomatic immunity is a principle of international law by which certain foreign government officials are not subject to the jurisdiction of local courts and other authorities. The concept of immunity began with ancient tribes. In order to exchange information, messengers were allowed to travel from tribe to tribe without fear of harm. They were protected even when they brought bad news. Today, immunity protec...

State and federal law in the United States Essay

State and federal law in the United States - Essay Example Starbucks’ public image as a company committed to fair trade and labor practice is unequivocally false.   As Zielinski (1995) explains, Starbucks directly purchased approximately 40% of its coffee beans from Guatemalan coffee plantation.   This is especially significant because the labor conditions on these plantations borders on slavery.   Workers are paid 2 cents per pound of coffee while Starbucks sells it for $9.   In addition, these plantations do not abide by the minimum health or safety requirements and use child laborers.   At a time when large corporations are refusing to deal with these plantations, Starbucks not only relies on them for a significant percentage of its coffee but denies any responsibility for the continued exploitation of Guatemalan coffee laborers (Zielinski, 1995).Following the extremely negative press Starbucks received in the wake of the media’s exposition of its participation in exploitative labor, its company invested millions o f dollars in improving its public image.   As Irving (2006) points out, the Starbucks publicity machine presents an image of the company as one which is fundamentally committed to fair labor practices.   This is nothing but a myth, an empty slogan. The facts indicate that not only has Starbucks maintained its relationship with Guatemalan plantations whose workers are underpaid, denied health coverage and   a safe work environment but it further relies on off-shore prison labor for the packaging of its coffee.  ... As Irving (2006) points out, the Starbucks publicity machine presents an image of the company as one which is fundamentally committed to fair labor practices. This is nothing but a myth, an empty slogan. The facts indicate that not only has Starbucks maintained its relationship with Guatemalan plantations whose workers are underpaid, denied health coverage and a safe work environment but it further relies on off-shore prison labor for the packaging of its coffee and other products. Indeed, available facts and figures indicate that a minimum of 24.5% of the company's coffee is purchased from sources which practice exploitative labor and which often use child and prison labor as well (Irving, 2006). As far as Starbucks is concerned, the bottom line is not fair labor or ethical business practices but profit margins. Starbucks' relations with its on-site employees further evidence its failure to adhere to fair labor practices. Hayes (2004) explains that according to federal law, overtime is defined as anything which exceeds 40 hours, while several states define overtime as anything in excess of 9 hours per working day. The receipt of overtime pay, however, is conditioned where managers are concerned. Quite simply stated, managers are not paid overtime for work which falls within their immediate job description and constitutes part of their managerial responsibilities because the law assumes that they should complete their work on time (Hayes, 2004). In direct relation to Starbucks, the evidence shows that it is overworking its employees and that its managers do work overtime on tasks which do not constitute part of their job description. Yet, in direct violation of state and federal laws, Starbucks refuses to pay its employees

E learning Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

E learning - Thesis Example The people in the country mainly follow the culture of Sunni Muslims, which directly resembles with Islamic values and beliefs. The economy of the country has also been on a continuous growth spree over the years owing to the commendable growth in the business sector. E-learning has been a particular domain that has focused towards implementing internet as means of educating people. In Saudi Arabia, the government is largely focused towards using internet extensively in the primary educational sector. The increase in internet in academic purpose has been seen from the year 2007 in Saudi Arabia. Its use can be visualized in primary as well as secondary educational sector of the country. The findings of the study were deemed to be in alignment with the predetermined objectives of the research study which are further discussed in detail hereunder. The study has certain predetermined questions that need to be answered based upon the needs of the study. It is quite apparent that the research study has been conducted with the intention of depicting the problems of e-learning in Saudi Arabia especially in the domain of primary schools. The research study has also aimed at depicting the impact of both financial and technical problems with regards to the growth of the educational sector in Saudi Arabia especially in the domain of primary public schools of the nation. The objectives of this particular research study have been provided in detail hereunder. The objective of this particular research study is to determine the barriers experienced by primary public schools in Saudi Arabia when adopting e-learning. With this objective in mind, several research questions are framed below: In order to provide comprehensive set of answers for the research questions framed above, proper set of research objectives have been ascertained in this particular research study. However,

Outline the Soviet Union's response to the rise of fascism in the Essay

Outline the Soviet Union's response to the rise of fascism in the 1930s and explain the signing of the MolotovRibbentrop Pact - Essay Example As a member of the League, Moscow participated in the imposition of sanctions on Italy after Mussolini's invasion of Abyssinia in October 1935 (Parker, 1974, pp. 293-332), and called for action against Hitler's invasion of the Rhineland in March 1936. In contrast, following Hitler's election in 1933, Germany withdrew from the League of Nations and began to rearm. Throughout the 1930s, Berlin embarked on an aggressive foreign policy which included marching into the Rhineland, intervening almost immediately in the Spanish Civil War, declaring the Anschluss in March 1938, and threatening invasion of the Czech Sudetenland by September. During this period, the British public also learnt of the persecution of the Jews and other minorities within Germany. What was known about Stalin's purges was equally abhorrent. Yet, much had occurred to suggest to any objective observer of the international situation that Nazi Germany was in fact Britain's greatest threat. Despite this, members of the Conservative Party in particular continued to 'believe Nazis on the whole are more conservative than communists and socialists'. On Aug. 23, 1939 Adolf Hitler and Josef Stalin agreed to what became known as the Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact. With that, Stalin made World War II possible. Assured that he was protected from Soviet counter-aggression in the East, Hitler invaded Poland a week later, Sept. 1. (Beichman, 1999, 19) The signal that something was up between the two totalitarian powers had come some four months earlier but European chancelleries overlooked it. For on May 3, 1939 came the startling news that the Soviet Foreign Minister Maxim Litvinov had resigned "at his own request." Litvinov, of Jewish origin and strongly anti-Nazi, had been replaced by Vyacheslav Molotov. His ethnic origins would not embarrass Hitler in dealing with communists. Until the official announcement of the Nazi-Soviet pact, few believed such an agreement possible, especially the Communist Party leaders in the United States and the rest of the world - because the Soviet Union had posed as the dedicated leader in the fight against fascism. When Berlin and Moscow announced on Aug. 20, 1939 the signing of a trade treaty and newspaper dispatches began hinting about a further strategic alliance, communist spokesmen denounced such speculation as fascist in inspiration. They had every reason to disbelieve such a story because, after all, the Comintern line the world over was to seek a united front with the democratic West against fascism in the name of "collective security." Ignored was the editorial in Pravda Aug. 21 that the trade treaty "could be a serious step toward a further improvement of relations, not only economic but also political, between the USSR and Germany." But newspaper speculation about the Nazi-Soviet alliance turned out to be correct. From Soviet archives we have now learned that on Aug. 19, 1939, Stalin told the Soviet Politburo that if a world war should follow a Nazi-Soviet pact it would only serve to strengthen Communist Parties in France and Britain. Stalin then accepted Hitler's suggestion that a German delegation

Harmful Traditions in Nigerian Society

Harmful Traditions in Nigerian Society UKWAMEDUA LAWRETTA IFUNANYA WHAT IS META COGNITION IN SOCIAL STUDIES? USING 3 EXAMPLES EXPLAIN THE SOCIAL STUDIES PROBLEM SOLVING PROPCESSES Meta cognition is the higher order thinking which involve active control over thinking processes involved in learning. It refers to the process by which people’s knowledge controls their thinking and learning activities (It involves â€Å"thinking about thinking†). It can also be defined as thinking about one’s thinking i.e. it involves the process of stepping back to see what you are doing, as if you were someone else observing it. Meta cognitive activities helps people especially students to reflect on what they know, care about and are able to develop an awareness of themselves, and it gives them opportunity to reflect on their learning because it is often difficult for them to realize what they are doing. Meta cognition is also the ability to manage one’s own thinking processes. Problem solving refers to the process by which difficult issues are tackled and solved whereby doing this the causes, solution and prevention to the problems are known. Inn problem solving, we need to use THE RARE CONCEPT as a guide for us to know what we are doing. For instance, the present fuel scarcity; the government need to think of what they can RAISE up in order for the productivity of petrol to be constant; the need to think about what they can ADD in order for the refineries to be in good conditions and work effectively which can make life easier; they also need to think of what they can REDUCE i.e. those things that are not relevant to the production of fuel, they need to think of those factors that leads to time wasting and finally they need to think of what to ELIMINATE in terms of bad habits, the bad habit of hoarding fuel for personal use or the habit of using the resources meant for the production of fuel. If all these factors are put in place, the problem of fuel scarcity will be averted. LIST AND EXPLAIN WITH EXAMPLES 5 NEGATIVE BEHAVIOUR AND 5 HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRATICES THAT NEED TO BE CHANGED IN THE PRESENT DAY NIGERIAN SOCIETY 5 NEGATIVE BEHAVIOUR ARE: CULTISM: Cultism has to do with belonging to a secret cult and practicing cult activities which involves performing rituals, killing, fighting, strange oath talking, rape, etc. Cultism is a negative behavior which is rampant in tertiary institutions today, they usually attack, intimidate and kill both lecturers and students, destroy school property. Members are mainly truants that do not take their education seriously, thereby performing poorly and expecting to pass by intimidating lecturers and students. Therefore, in order for us to be alive, productive and useful in life, we should not indulge or belong to secret cults. DISREGARD FOR TIME: This is another negative behavior of our people. Nigerians do not keep to time. They disregard time. No matter how important a program, meeting or event is. For instance, if a meeting is scheduled for 9.00am, by 10:00am or 10:30am, the meeting may not have started because they believe in their so-called â€Å"African Time†. This is bad because lateness leads to inefficiency in our activities. DRUG TRAFFICKING: This is a globally illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to prohibition. Drug traffickers are many in Nigeria and many of them peddle hard drugs like cocaine, heroin and marijuana. These drugs contribute to many crimes because as traffickers increase in numbers, users and abusers also increase. Many of our youths have been made useless and some wasted as a result of drug trafficking. ETHNICISM OR TRIBALISM-DISCRIMINATION AMONG ETHNIC GROUPS: Our country, Nigeria is made up of many ethnic groups and these ethnic groups have different languages but all these ethnic groups makeup the nation called Nigeria. Nigeria adopted a common language known as English from her colonial master to be used as a common language by all the ethnic groups as one country. The three major tribes which are Igbo, Yoruba and Hausa, discriminate in the offer of employment, appointment, admission, distribution of resources, governance (who produces the president). Some believe they are born-to-rule and be in power all y=the time, that’s why they choose and rotate leadership among families, the same tribe and religion. EXAMINATION MALPRATICES: This is seen in the behavior of all categories of students (primary school to tertiary institutions). There are cases where primary school pupils are given assistances in form of cheating to pass their examinations e.g. common entrance, by their teachers due to the money paid by their parents. Secondary school students do not register for external examinations in most public schools, instead, they register with huge sums of money in special centers. These centers are known as ‘miracles centers’ where examinations are made easy; parents, principals or proprietors of schools, invigilators and officers of examination bodies collide and perpetrate the crime for money and this has now become a culture in our society. 5 HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRATICES ARE: a. MALTREATMENT OF WIDOWS: In most communities in Nigeria, widows are given harsh treatment and conditions. When a woman lose her husband, she may be made to cut her hair, put on white cloth or black cloth for a year after the death of her husband, made to remain indoors and should not visit friends or go to market for some months. She may be forced to drink water used in bathing the dead body of her husband. Besides, the property of the husband i.e. land etc. is sometimes taken away from the widow by relations of the dead husband leaving the widow and her children to suffer. Sometimes, they are forced out of their husband’s house but all these depends on the custom and community in place. b. PREFERENCE FOR MALE CHILDREN: In the olden days, female children were not recognized because they believed training her in school was a waste because she will still have to end up in the kitchen, so only male children were given preference and recognition in the family. Discrimination in training of children in our communities is harmful, so therefore equal education should be given to both sexes (male or female). c. CIRCUMCISION: This refers to the removal of some parts of the body organ either male or female circumcision is practiced in most communities of their world but female circumcision is common. Some part of the female genital organ removed, is believed to be the most sensitive and sensational part of female sexual organ and that by circumcision females sexuality will brought under control. This practice brings about a lot of health problems e.g. fibrosis, Hiv/Aids due to the instruments involved in the act. d. SLAVERY: This is the illegal trade of human beings for the purpose of commercial, sexual exploitation or forced labour. It is also the transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons by means of threat or use of force or deception in order to receive payment or benefit. Slavery also involves deals with the transportation of women, men or children. e. INFANT BETROTHAL AND EARLY MARRIAGE: In some communities, marriage formalities are fulfilled for the couple before their maturity, whereby parents betroth their female children to older men or to their friends either for money or in order to achieve a goal. This early marriage leads to poor sexual and reproductive health of the victim, in some cases leads to the lickage of vagina due to child bearing, as well as depriving the girl the joy of youth or going further in her education. This affects the girl socially, psychologically, physically and emotionally. WHAT ARE VALUES IN SOCIAL STUDIES? Values are attitudes or beliefs which people should do, the standards they should live by, or the things they should endorse or maintain. Values are the principles we hold as important and worthwhile and which possess quality or merit. Values helps to direct our behavior and relationship with other people. Right values we should possess are as follows: Having belief in hard work. Performing selfless service in our community. Showing commitment towards the security of life and property of the people and society. Being punctual at all times. Honesty or truthfulness. Having patience. Co-operation and willingness to share with others. Being dedicated to work etc. EXPLAIN WITH 5 EXAMPLES WHAT THE RIGHT ATTITUDE TO WORK MEANS INTERGRITY: This is the quality of being honest and having good moral principles and uprightness. Having integrity means doing the right thing in a reliable way. It’s a personality trait everyone should have, it literally means having â€Å"wholeness of character†, being unbiased always i.e. always standing by the truth. DELIGENCE: This means careful and persistent work or effort. It is determination and perseverance when doing something; it is also the act of being hardworking in order to achieve a certain goal or goals. It involves being meticulous in duties, showing care and steady effort in discharging our duties in our life activities. PUNCTUALITY: This is the act of arriving or doing something at the expected or planes time. This also means attending to any duty assigned to us to do at the right or appropriate time. COMMITMENT AND DEDICATION: This is showing interest and good sense, responsibility in carrying out our duties. This is about having passion for the work we do and we are committed to our work, it brings success. It also means committing ourselves to something special. For instance, Mandela was committed and dedicated in bringing his country justice and democracy, he had great passion for what is right. REGULARITY: This involves being in our place of work always and doing our work as supposed. This involves always in order and all constant. EXPLAIN WITH 5 EXAMPLES OF PROMOTING POSITIVE BEHAVIOUR IN OUR SOCIEETY. EDUCATION: Educating people about positive behavior and making them know the benefits of behaving right. Also through public enlightenment which have to do with the public aware of the dangers associated with negative behavior. PUNISHMENT: This is using sanctions and punishments to discourage negative behaviors in order for them to know that negative behavior is bad. ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS: The government should make strict laws against negative behaviors and make sure the laws are enforced tom the letter i.e. enforced on anyone going against the law. REWARDS: Rewards should be given to people who portray positive behavior in order to encourage them and serve as motivation. EMPHASIS ON GOOD MORALS: Lecture on good morals should be made in order to let people have discipline and abstain from negative behaviors. EXAMINE CRITICALLY THE CONCEPT OF CULTURAL PATTERNS. Culture is the way of life of people. It is a set of people grouped together having common accessories (linage) or parenthood; it includes the totality of people’s beliefs, their modes of worship, their occupation, ways of thinking etc. Culture varies from place to place and it is passed down from generation to another through learning. It grows and changes with time and through contact with people from outside our own groups. In Nigeria we have over 370 ethnic groups of which the three major and largest are the Hausa-Fulani, Igbo and Yoruba, and these people have different culture, for instance, the culture of the Yoruba’s is different from that of the Hausas and Igbo culture is different from those of the Hausas and Yoruba’s. Examples of the various cultural patterns are language, music, religion, art and craft, food, trading, occupation, traditions, architecture etc. EXPLAIN WITH EXAMPLES THE NIGERIAN CULTURAL PATTERNS DRESSING: Among the different ethnic groups in Nigeria, their dressing is also a common factor. For instance, a Yoruba man is known for wearing agbada and Abeti-Aja Cap, while an Igbo man is known for wearing awka-ochie and a red cap. They dress differently because of their tribes and culture. MUSIC: Different ethnic groups have different music they listen to. This songs are sometimes in their different languages or traditions. For instance, an igbo music and meaning is different from that of an Ijaw man or that of an Hausa man. There are different music have different meanings to them and they appreciate it according to their traditions or culture. LANGUAGE: in Nigeria different ethnic groups speaks different languages. For example, A Yoruba man calls plate Abo while an Igbo man calls plate Efere, this is because they are from different tribes and the way they think and view the world is determined by their cultural language differences. FOOD: The food of ethnic groups are different. This ethnic groups enjoys different delicacies according to their culture or tradition. For instance, Yoruba enjoys Amala and Ewedu While Igbos enjoys Fufu/pounded yam with Egusi or oha soup, likewise other ethnic groups have their own special delicacies. RELIGION: Religion is the belief in of people, therefore, different ethnic groups have their own different beliefs and religions. For instance, some Yoruba religion is Christianity while some are Muslims likewise Hausa are mainly Muslims. They have different religions because of what they believe to be sacred and of great value and moral standard. MYTHOLOGY: Different ethnic groups originated from different places and source. For instance, the Yoruba came from ododuwa in ile-ife while the Igbos also came from another source. This different historical backgrounds shows the different in their way of life and traditions. MARRIAGE: Different ethnic groups have different ways of marriage process and system. For instance, the traditions and ways a Yoruba person will get married is different from the way an Igbo person will get married. They have specific traditions which they must follow when performing marriage rites. CITING APPROPRIATE EXAMPLES, EXAMIN 5 COMMON TERMS IN CULTURE. LEVEL OF POLITICAL INTEGRATION: This refers to the general types of political systems used to organize and manage societies. As a society increases in population size and territory, it must develop new political solutions to keep or avoid them from splitting apart. CHIEF-DOM: This is when a society has more or less permanent political leader i.e. a chief but has no division of governing tasks into specific categories. The chief provides direction and authority for the society as a whole. KINDRED: This is a family group bound together by their kinship ties to one person i.e. relationships between individuals who are commonly thought of as having family ties. An individual’s kindred consists of all the people whom are related to him or her biologically and sometimes spouses. DIFFUSION: This is the movement of cultural traits and ideas from one society or ethnic group to another. While the form of a trait may be transmitted to another society, the meaning may not be used. For instance, Chinese foods are seen as normal delicacies in china but are seen as special foods in Nigeria. ACCULTURATION: This is defined as the process by which a culture is transformed due to the massive adoption of cultural traits from another society. This is when particular culture is changed from the different one it has. It can be seen as an individual moving to a new society and adopting their culture. WHAT IS MEANT BY SOCIAL INTERACTIONS IN INDIGENIOUS SOCIETIES? Social interaction can be defined as the process by which we act, relate and react to people around us. It is also those acts, actions or practices of two or more people mutually oriented towards each other, i.e. any behavior that tries to affect or take account of each other’s experiences or intentions. It includes those act people perform towards each other and the response they give in return. For instance, it is the way an ethnic group relates with another ethnic group. In relating with people, we must know their do’s and don’ts I.e. respecting them knowing what they like and do not like. In other words, parties in social interaction must be aware of each other’s self in mind. Social interaction can involve smiling, talking, winking, debating, negotiating; they can also be active or passive, brief or long-lived, organized, unorganized or disorganized, direct or indirect, shallow or intense etc. FIVE FACTORS THAT PROMOTE SOCIAL INTERACTIONS IN THE INDIGENIOUS SOCIETIES INTER-MARRIAGE: When people marry from different tribe and culture, they tend to know more about each other and then they respect and interact with themselves effectively. It enables them meet people and express themselves without segregation. AGE GRADE: When people belong to the same age grade, it helps makes them free and allows them to interact with one another. For instance, children when playing with each other, interact and mingle up with themselves irrespective of their different families and tribe. It gives them a sense of belonging in sharing things because of their age grade. FAMILY: Members of family who experience the security of other family members and have strong attachment to them, are better able to reach out to relate with others. Family members use this relationship as a support to venture out and explore their environment. They are able to use the image of each of them when interacting with others. MUSIC: When people listen to songs together irrespective of the language used, they interact well. For instance, at an occasion where a song is played, people of different tribes can just fall in love with the particular song and everyone will dance and sing to it. The song here has brought about love and enjoyment in their mist and it helps them interact with one another. OCCUPATION: When people of different skill meet just with the sole aim to work and achieve a certain goal, it builds their abilities and interaction among them. People have the chance to learn more from each other and by doing so their friendship and interaction increases. It helps them in understanding each other better and also in building of the society.

Types of Businesses in America Essay -- Business Law

Types of Businesses in America American society has always been optimistic towards their future. The American nation is a capitalistic country. Many individuals are influenced to start up their own businesses with their own ideas. The government helps and regulates all business. There are three types of businesses sole proprietorships, partnerships and corporations. A sole proprietorship would be my best choice to start up my own business. This form of business is the easiest to start. In the states a federal license or permit is needed to sell products or serve a service to the public. A license is required in order to begin the business operation. Income or loss the owner is accounted for on the tax return. â€Å"Flow thru taxation† is the term used to state that the owner’s incomes flows through the tax return. I would keep contact daily with my accountant. The business would not be taxed twice as there would be in corporations. It is simply taxed once. I would not need contracts stating two peo ple joining in and making an effort to make a business work as there would be in partnerships. I would just rely on myself. I have better confidence of trusting myself than trusting others in forming a partnership. It is a gamble and a risk to be liable for the entire business. Life is pretty short and taking a risk would either mean it was worth it or you learn from it. Since it’s the easiest form of business to start why not take full advantage. But there are advantages and disadvantages. In a sole proprietorship there is limited capital which means the owner would have trouble getting the supplies and materials needed for. But it would also seem harder to borrow money and loans from the bank. A loan from the bank seems like the ... ...g. Businesses structures and regulations are strong and firm which help businesses around the nation. The rules and regulations from the federal government help and keep the people safe. Starting a business is easy and profitable. It may be easier to start a sole proprietorship rather than a corporation. But many can receive help from family or friend and start a partnership where there is help and support of a partner. There are advantages and disadvantages for all forms of business. There are endless opportunities for the American people. There optimistic attitudes can lead them to great wealth. Works Cited Pride, William M., Hughes Robert J., Kapoor Jack R. Business. Publisher: Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. 8th edition. â€Å"Sole proprietorship/Partnerships/Corporations.† Wikipedia. 5, August, 2005.7,August, 2005. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

Contract Performance Essay

The allegation that the bidder cannot perform contract involves bidder responsibility, affirmative determination of which is not reviewed by GAO except in cases of fraud of misapplication of definitive responsibility criteria set forth in solicitation. Since neither exception is applicable, protest is dismissed (1981. pp 1-2). Explicate the regulatory provision (FAR) pertaining to contract performance in general. Contract performance first lies the early stages of interpreting the contract. Marshall Engelbeck states â€Å"The cardinal rule of contract interpretation is to â€Å"carry out the original intent of the parties. This rule is founded in common law. † (Engelbeck, 2002, p. 339) The first step in understanding a contract is interpreting the contract by finding the â€Å"plain meaning of the words, if the words are clear and unambiguous. † (O’Connor, 2007, p. 119) to help with this Marshal Engelbeck lays out six presumptions upon which a contract is founded. These are used to help interpret the contract to ensure the objective intent is understood and that no ambiguity exists between the contracting parties. They are: (1) Performance feasibility: there is a presumption that it is possible to perform the work. 2) Competency: The seller has an obligation to perform the work satisfactorily. (3) Document soundness: The contract is the plain meaning between the buyer and the seller, and should be a complete and accurate expression of the original intent of both parties. (4) Cooperation: This presumption enforces the duty on both parties to cooperate. (5) Absence of mistake: In a contract, mistakes can occur that are classified as mutual or unilateral. The burden of resulting from a mistake can be substantial, and the parties must resolve the situation quickly. 6) Conscionability: misunderstandings, and optimistic analysis can create contract requirements that impose an obligation on the performing party to operate contract to its best interest, the cost of performance is not proportional to the benefits. (2002, pp. 328-329) Also both parties are subject to the â€Å"duty to inquire rule, this applies only to obvious errors, gross discrepancies, or inadvertent and glaring gaps. This is not to focus on intent but whether either party, failing to divulge mistakes, stands to profit from the failure. † (Engelbeck, 2002, p. 339) The question stated in plain words: What does the contract say? To understand this possible additional layer in the contract, we need to use the secondary rules of contract interpretation. They are as follows: â€Å"Requirement 1: For words to be ambiguous, there must be two reasonable interpretations of the words† O’Connor (2007, p. 123), which means â€Å"the party must read the contract as a whole, words and meanings should remain consistent. † Engelbeck (2002, p. 340) â€Å"Requirement 2: The ambiguity must be hidden (patent)† (O’Connor, 2007, p. 123) which Engelbeck states as where â€Å"express language rule prevails; this rule assumes that the professionals understand the language of their own specialties. (Engelbeck, 2002, p. 340) â€Å"Requirement 3: The contractor did not know that the government had different interpretation. If a bidder knows its interpretation is in conflict with government’s at the solicitation stage, the bidder is must resolve it. † (O’Connor, 2007, p. 125) this is reinforced by Engelbeck (2002, p. 341) â€Å"knowledge of the other party’s interpretation: Entering into a contract knowing the other party’s interpretation was objectionable means that other party’s interpretation is the one that is binding. If the parties still have not resolved the inconsistencies of the contract the FAR has established and Order of Precedence to help mitigate any ambiguity that may arise from the objective intent of a contract: FAR 52. 215-8, Order of Precedence – Uniform Contract Format (October 1997), â€Å"Any inconsistency in the solicitation of contract shall be resolved by giving precedence in the following order: (a) The schedule (excluding the specifications). b) Representations and other instructions. (c) Contract clauses. (d) Other documents, exhibits, and attachments. (e) The specifications. † (O’Connor, 2007, p. 127) The Post-Award Conference is should be established by the Contracting Officer or to help â€Å"establish the communication protocol, and define the focal points for specific tasks and to ensure the contractor has a complete understanding of the scope, technical requirements, and obligations under the contract. The orientation should be held as soon after the award of the contract. † Engelbeck (2002, pp. 336-337) Engelbeck further states this is not the time to rewrite the requirements or the contract. Based off my experience as a procurement manger this is the time where possible concerns are raised by the contractor, and the task orders are issued by the contracting officer to clarify the contract, and at times modifications are issued to the contract to reflect the elucidation of the objective of the client. Explicate the regulatory provisions (FAR) that apply to the particular contract performance issue of the report chosen. The regulatory provisions that apply to this contract based off Lancer Clothing Corporation’s protest would be the following presumptions as identified by Engelbeck (1) performance feasibility, would go the argument that Lancer Clothing Corporation protests on the this issue as â€Å"the procurement objective would not be fulfilled and the significant financial lost on the part of the client could occur. (Engelbeck, 2002, p. 329) (2) competency, this would apply as the company pointed out that â€Å"bidder does not have a commitment for the lining material, from a reputable suppler and thus lacks sufficient production capacity† Van Cleve (1981, p. 1) to deliver the full product line. Explicate whether the report gives adequate information to form an opinion about the recommendations.