Development of renewable energy sources Essay

Unlike solar energy, wind power grown faster the last couple years and is today the environmentalists preferred alternative energy source (Bradley 1). Paul Brown writes, Sebastian Seidel 3 â€Å"Electricity production [in the U. K. ] from wind leapt by 31% last year, making it the fastest growing industry in the field of power generation† (1). Every year, the amount of electricity produced by wind power is increasing, especially in the USA, Germany, Denmark and Spain (Brown 1). The improvements made in wind power generators in the past years, has led to more efficient wind mills. James Flanigan describes, â€Å"[a] single windmill generator today is capable of doing the work of 10 windmills of the 1970s, when wind power experiments began† (2). He adds, â€Å"Wind generation can deliverer electricity at 3 cents to 6 cents a kilowatt-hour† (2). This is a lot less than the average electricity price paid in the U. S. today. But although wind power seems to be the ideal energy source, environmental activist who were promoting alternative energy in the past now have doubts about wind power. Robert L. Bradley reasons in his article, that â€Å"[w]ind blades have killed thousand of birds in the U. S.and abroad in the last decade, including endangered species† (2). Like any human made construction, wind blades are a threat to birds, but so is any electricity line. The Altamont Pass wind-power plant in California is a good example of a misplaced wind power facility. Hardly any research about the animal environment was done when the windmills were set up. But even if one project has a bad impact on the environment and wildlife, wind power has still countless good aspects (Bradley 2). Therefore Hal Harvey, president of the Energy Foundation, declares, â€Å"[w]e’ve found the holy grail: wind is now cheaper than any fossil fuel-based. Sebastian Seidel 4 power source† (qtd. in Linden 1). Hydro-Power means making electricity from water power. In his article, Stuart Baird declares, â€Å"Hydro-Power is currently the world’s largest renewable source of electricity, accounting for 6% of worldwide energy supply or about 15% of the world’s electricity†(1). It has been known to be one of the cleanest ways to produce energy, because it does not produce any exhaust fumes or waste of any kind. As Baird adds, â€Å"hydro-power is better than burning coal, oil or natural gas to produce electricity, as it does not contribute to global warming or acid rain† (2). Another benefit is that it helps to control water, for example with dams. But hydropower dams also have negative environmental impacts, such as blocking fish movements and decreasing water quality. Another disadvantage of this technique is â€Å"the flooding and destruction of entire ecosystems† (Baird 2) and the â€Å"increase of bacteria in the water due to decaying vegetation, which can be harmful to the fishes and to those who eat them† (Baird 4). Like solar- and wind-power, Hydro-Power has many good as well as a few bad aspects. The problems mentioned above result from unplanned, bad managed and oversized hydro-power systems. But, if a dam is well sited, well operated and kept reasonable in size, these environmental impacts can be reduced though not eliminated. Renewable energy has many good as well as many bad aspects. Today most of the electricity comes from coal-, gas- and nuclear-plants. Still, the percentage of electricity made with renewable energy is growing every year. Canada for example adds â€Å"60%† of Sebastian Seidel 5 energy made by hydro-plants to the national grid (Baird 1) and Denmark satisfies 18% of electrical demand with electricity produced wind-power (Brown 1). Within the few next years, due to technical improvements and cheaper production methods, the percentage of renewable energy added to western countries demand will rapidly grow. But lots of research has to be done until then to limit the negative impacts on the environment. Sebastian Seidel 6 Baird, Stuart â€Å"Hydro-Electric Power. † Energy Educators of Ontario 1993. 15 Jan. 2002. Bradley, Robert L. â€Å"Dirty Secrets of Renewable Energy. † USA Today Magazine May 1998. 14 Jan. 2002 Brown, Paul â€Å"Wind power use grows by 30%. † The Guardian 10 Jan. 2002. 17 Jan. 2002. Flanigan, James â€Å"Getting serious about Earth-Friendly Energy. † Los Angeles Times June 2001. 21 Jan. 2002. Greenwald, John â€Å"Energy: Here comes the sun. † Time 18 Sep. 1993. 15 Jan. 2002. Kozloff, Keith Lee. â€Å"Rethinking development assistance for renewable electricity sources. † Environment Nov. 1995. 15 Jan. 2002. Linden, Eugene â€Å"Selling the Sun†¦ and the Wind Renewable energy has come of age-but it’s mostly foreign companies that are making money on it. † Time 16 July 2001. 15 Jan. 2002.

Low Fat Cheese Market †Global Industry Analysis Essay

Low fat cheese contains lesser amount of saturated fat and reduces the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol which is responsible for an increase in the risk of heart disease. Normal cheese has 30-40% saturated fat whereas low fat cheese, produced from skimmed milk contains 7-15% saturated fat. Commonly available cheeses such as cheddars, mozzarella, provolone and others, depending on the process and the country where they are produced, are easily available in the market today. Low fat cheese is also available in various forms as a healthy alternative to regular cheese. Low fat cheese has almost all the applications that normal cheese has. Some of the products where low fat cheese is used are pizzas, sandwiches, hotdogs, and salads. The geographical market segments are North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World (RoW). Highest cheese consumption is seen in Europe while North America’s consumption is comparatively less. One of the key drivers for the growth in the demand for low fat cheese is the growing health consciousness among the people. Normal cheese is said to have higher amounts of fat as well as sodium. Moreover, much attention is given to the diet of children keeping in mind the adverse affects of cheese on the body in the long run. Also, cheese is a part of the culture in many countries, where it is consumed on a daily basis. One of the restraints to the low fat cheese market is its taste after the reduction of fat and sodium as the flavor of cheese depends on these two components. Some types of cheese like mozzarella, cottage cheese (paneer), and Swiss cheese have low salt and fat content naturally, compared to other cheese that contain artificially reduced salts. The major players in the market are now focusing on reducing fat and salts from cheese such as in American cheese which has a high amount of these components. Some of the major producers of low fat cheese are the Lactalis Group, Kraft Foods Group Inc., Fromageries Bel S.A., Bongrain S.A., Arla Foods and others. This report is a complete study of current trends in the market, industry growth drivers, and restraints. It provides market projections for the coming years. It includes analysis of recent developments in technology, Porter’s five force model analysis and detailed profiles of top industry players. The report also includes a review of micro and macro factors essential for the existing market players and new entrants along with detailed value chain analysis. This report provides pin-point analysis for changing competitive dynamics It provides a forward looking perspective on different factors driving or restraining market growth It provides a technological growth map over time to understand the industry growth rate It provides a seven-year forecast assessed on the basis of how the market is predicted to grow It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future It provides pin point analysis of changing competition dynamics and keeps you ahead of competitors It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments It provides distinctive graphics and exemplified SWOT analysis of major market segments About us Transparency Market Research (TMR) is a market intelligence company providing global business research reports and consulting services. Our exclusive blend of quantitative forecasting and trends analysis provides forward-looking insights for thousands of decision-makers. TMR’s experienced team of analysts, researchers, and consultants use proprietary data sources along with various tools and techniques to gather and analyze Our data repository is continuously updated and revised by a team of research experts so that it always reflects the latest trends and information Our Approach †¢ Our research reports cover global markets, present analysis and forecast for a period of five years. Respondents are led through a questionnaire to gather quantitative and qualitative inputs on their operations, performance, strategies and views on the overall market, including key developments and technology trends.

Globalization and the World Economy Essay

Globalization is a powerful real aspect on the new world system, and it represents one of the most influential forces in determining the future course of the planet. It is described as having â€Å"many dimensions: economic, political, social, cultural, environmental, and security† (Intriligator, 2001). Globalization in the 21st century is inevitable. Increased globalization and international businesses are growing because technology is expanding rapidly especially in communications and transportation. According to Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan (2007) countries are beginning to remove many international restrictions facilitating trade and commerce. Numerous governments have developed services to help conduct international business more easily. Consumers are becoming more knowledgeable about foreign goods and services and want them in their home country. Increased global competition has stimulated more companies to enter the international arena for selling goods and services. In most cases, improved political relationships among some of the major economic powers have made international trade more profitable. As the world shrinks because of the internet, improved communication and transportation more countries are cooperating on transnational issues related to business and commerce. Globalization has changed the scope and focus of business. The impact of globalization can be categorized generally in terms of distance, country, and culture. Our world is becoming increasingly interdependent because of globalization. Globalization did not just â€Å"happen†. It was driven and is being driven by a number of worldwide developments. Some of these developments have spanned many years, and some have occurred in a relatively short period of time. The first development was the end of the cold war. As stated by Brooks and Wohlforth (2000) the world changed in 1991 when the â€Å"Soviet Empire† collapsed. Mikhail Gorbachev’s policies helped to bring major political changes. With the removal of a threat of war, global interdependence could take hold. The second development is the world’s increasing population growth. This growth all but ensures a broad, expanding, worldwide market for goods and services, and an expanding workforce. The third development is the emergence of free markets on a worldwide basis. According to Ruggiero (1996), country after country is opening its borders to a freer flow of goods, services, technology, and capital. Many are forming regional trade blocks that facilitate investment and commerce in their local economies. The World Trade Organization (WTO), an international body that deals with the rule of trade between nations, is actively helping countries at all level of development with financial and trade agreement support. The fourth development has been the ongoing emergence of a worldwide technical and logistics framework. Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan (2007) remark that tremendous strides in communications and transportation technology enable businesses to quickly know about and demand products and services developed in another part of the world. A worldwide telecommunications network is in place to facilitate global commerce, with millions of phones supported by satellites and fiber optic cables. An array of ships, planes, trucks and other logistical systems makes it possible to transport people and packages to almost any point in the world. The last development is the explosion of the internet on the world scene, which is playing a key role in aspects of global commerce. Kabuga (2000) argues that the arrival of the internet has speeded up globalization. This growth in internet usage on a worldwide basis has had a major effect on global business activities. The advent of the internet has allowed for rapid access to world markets. Knowing how to use the internet for globalization activities can be very beneficial for a company. In this dotcom economy, everything can be produced anywhere and sold anywhere. The internet has given many companies a new view on how to handle global business needs. Globalization is not just a â€Å"me too† trend. There are solid reasons why some businesses embrace the global path and others do not. Three solid business factors for globalization are expansion of sales, to acquire resources, and to minimize risk. Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan (2007) claim that a company’s sales are dependent on two factors: the consumers’ interest in their products or services and the consumers’ willingness and ability to buy them. Higher sales mean higher profits, so increased sales are a major motive for company’s expansion into globalization. To acquire resources manufacturers and distributors seek out products, services, and components produced in foreign countries (Daniels, et al. , p18). Foreign sources may give companies lower costs, new or better products, and additional operating knowledge. To minimize swings in sales and profits, companies may seek out foreign markets to take advantage of business cycle differences among countries (Daniels, et al. , p18). International operations may reduce operating risk by smoothing sales and profits and preventing competitors from gaining advantages. When deciding how and where to conduct business globally, it’s important that companies have some knowledge of the target countries. According to Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan (2007) political policies and legal practices, behavioral factors, economic forces, and geographical influences are key external forces that affect the way a company operates and the amount of adjustment it must make to its operations in a particular country. Knowing background information on the countries can help in two areas: communication and credibility. Knowing about the target country gives a common ground for talking with people from that country. This can open the door to effective communication. Knowing about the target country gives credibility when talking about the country to others, both within the organization and native to the foreign country. Another benefit of knowing about foreign operations is increased awareness of how to help an operation be successful. Without adequate knowledge, a company may not realize what it takes to succeed with a foreign operation or realize that an operation is in danger of failing. Globalization has sparked some of the most highly charged debates of the past decade, been the subject of countless books and cause of major demonstrations in Europe and North America (World Bank, 2000). Critics of globalization see it as a process by which power is taken from the poor and given to the rich and powerful, particularly to transnational corporations Aisbett (2004). Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan (2007) have put these claims into three broad categories: threat to national sovereignty, growth, and growing income inequality. Globalization does not reduce national sovereignty. It does create a strong incentive for governments to pursue sound economic policies (International Monetary Fund, 2000). While globalization may confront government officials with more difficult choices, the result for their citizens is greater individual freedom. In this sense, globalization acts as a check on government power that makes it more difficult for governments to abuse the freedom and property of their citizens. Criticisms against globalization are really criticisms against economic growth. The assumption is that globalization brings more production or growth, which, in turn, brings both long-term and negative consequences (Daniels, et al. , p15). Growth and globalization have gone hand-in-hand; economic growth in the last fifty years has been faster than it was in earlier centuries. According to Krueger (2002), the impact of the faster growth on living standards has been phenomenal. We have observed the increased well-being of a larger percentage of the world’s population by a greater increment than ever before in history. Globalization offers greater opportunity for people to tap into more and larger markets around the world. In regards to growing income inequality people look at not only absolute achievement or improvement, but also at how well they do compared to other people, especially those in other countries. Thus, improvement in global well-being is of little solace to most people unless they, themselves, are doing better and at least keep up with others (Daniels, et al. , p15). Growing income inequality is said to be the Achilles Heel of globalization (Krueger, 2002). This characterization is misleading in several respects. There has been in the last century remarkable income growth, but it obvious that the progress has not been evenly dispersed. The gaps between rich and poor countries, and rich and poor people within countries, have grown. The richest quarter of the world’s population saw its per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increase nearly six-fold during the century, while the poorest quarter experienced less than a three-fold increase (International Monetary Fund, 2000). As stated by Krueger (2002) â€Å"poor people are desperate to improve their material conditions in absolute erms rather than to march up the income distribution†. The focus should be on impoverishment than on inequality. Many have argued that these claims have exploited people in developing countries, caused massive disruptions to their lives and produced few benefits in return (World Bank, 2000). According to Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan (2007) anti-globalization forces have protested meetings of international organizations and conferences, both peacefully and violently in recent years, as they press for legislation and other means to stop or slow the globalization process. Organizations against globalization see it as a new form of imperialism or as a new stage of capitalism in the age of electronics. Globalization has involved greater openness in the international economy, an integration of markets on a worldwide basis, and a movement toward a borderless world. Supporters point to the significant reductions in poverty achieved by countries, which have embraced globalization with the world economy such as China, Vietnam, India, and Uganda. â€Å"Globalization has had a significant impact on all economies of the world, with manifold effects† (Intriligator, 2001). According to an article on Freetrade. org (2007) for the less developed countries, globalization offers access to foreign capital, global export markets, and advanced technology while breaking the monopoly of inefficient and protected domestic producers. Faster growth, in turn, promotes poverty reduction, democratization, and higher labor and environmental standards. Because it expands economic freedom and spurs competition, globalization raises the productivity and living standards of people in countries that open themselves to the global marketplace. This growth in cross-border economic activities takes various forms such as International Trade, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and Capital Market Flows. In international trade, a growing share of spending on goods and services is devoted to imports from other countries. A growing share of what countries produce is sold to foreigners as exports. As stated by Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan (2007) to meet their international objectives companies’ strategies require them to trade and transfer means of production internationally. When countries have fewer restrictions on foreign trade, it gives them the opportunity to gain economies of scale by servicing markets in more than one country from a single base of production. This trading and transferring of goods and services is what links countries economically. Several impacts of globalization on national economies deserve particular mention. One is the growth of foreign direct investment at a rapid rate. Foreign direct investment is on the rise around the world. It is now a competitive requirement that businesses invest all over the globe to access markets, technology, and talent. Attracting foreign direct investment has become a key part of national development strategies for many countries. They see such investments as bolstering domestic capital, productivity, and employment, all of which are crucial to jump-starting economic growth. While many highlight FDI’s positive effects, others blame FDI for â€Å"crowding out† domestic investment and lowering certain regulatory standards. The effects of FDI can sometimes barely be perceived, while other times they can be transformative. While the FDI’s impact depends on many conditions, well-developed and implemented policies can help maximize gains (World Bank, 2000). Capital market flows over the course of the past decade, companies’ in many countries (especially in the developed world) have increasingly diversified their portfolios to include foreign financial assets (foreign bonds, equities, loans), while borrowers increasingly turn to foreign source of funds, along with domestic ones. While flows of this kind to developing countries rose sharply in the 1990s, they have been much more volatile than either trade or FDI flows, and they have been restricted to a narrower range of â€Å"emerging market† countries (World Bank, 2000). Globalization has many advantages; properly executed it integrates world trade and financial markets, promotes economic growth, and provides opportunities for better education and living standards. It has already been noted that globalization has both positive and negative effects. Whether one sees globalization as a positive or as a negative development, it must be understood that it has clearly changed the world system and that it poses both opportunities and challenges. It is additionally clear that the above economic, political, social, cultural, environmental, and security developments that have led to globalization are still very active. I believe these trends toward greater globalization will continue to expand in the future.

Reading Log #11 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading Log #11 - Assignment Example coli bacteria when the food is not well prepared. Second, despite the health risks posed by the fast food industry, they still dominate the market. This fact is made possible majorly by the reluctance of the federal government to effectively put a stop to the production of fast foods. History bears record that the federal government did make business friendly policies that smoothened the running of the fast food industry. These policies at some point posed a threat to the safety of workers in the business. Republican faction in the congress also thwarted effort is to do away with the unhealthy fast food industry. Also since it the production of fast foods is less expensive, they tend to be cheaper than the organic foods granting them a broad market among the low class members in the society. Finally, in order to counter the widespread consumption of the fast foods, concerted efforts must be made by both the individuals and the federal government. Congress should immediately impose a ban on advertisements aimed at children to promote foods high in fat and sugar. It should also pass tougher food safety laws, protect American workers from serious harm and fight against dangerous concentration of economic power. The individual before making a decision to make a purchase of any unhealthy food should think critically and make rational judgement concerning the origin of the food, processing and final production. Individuals should also make efforts to produce their own healthy organic

Comparison between film and television history styles etc Research Paper

Comparison between film and television history styles etc - Research Paper Example The television technology had its humble and skeptical beginnings, but except for the Internet is the 20th century’s most influential invention, Monaghan argues (1). Even its own inventors may not have imagined the development it has reached today and the further development it could reach in the future. The invention of the television cannot be attributed to a single person but many individuals (Bellis, â€Å"The Invention of Television† 1) whose works and accidental discoveries on optical, mechanical and electronic technologies contributed together in capturing, then transmitting and displaying a visual image (Blackwell 1; "History of Television," par. 2). It was the Briton Joseph May, a young electrical engineer and telegraph operator who in 1873 in Ireland accidentally discovered the photoelectric effect of selenium bars. It was his supervising engineer Willoughby Smith who proposed the idea of creating ‘visual telegraphy’ by exploiting this unique property of crystalline selenium. (Parsons 23) It was the German physicist Eugen Goldstein in his own investigation of discharge tubes in 1876 who produced light by forcing an electric current through a vacuum tube. This emitted light he called the ‘cathode rays’. (Blackwell 1) In 1897, the German scie ntist Karl Ferdinand Braun invented the ‘cathode ray tube’ (Peters 5). It was the development of the cathode ray tube, more popularly known as ‘picture tube’ and found even in LCDs (liquid crystal display) today, that had become the basis of the development of the electronic television (Bellis, â€Å"Television History† 1). It was the American George Carey who in 1875 drew a plan of a complete TV system – a selenium camera. It was however undetermined whether he was able to build it or not. (Ritcher 6) It was the German inventor Paul Nipkow who in 1884 drew a plan for a rotating

Discussion board 1 international law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion board 1 international law - Essay Example Two Articles are classified under this Chapter, mainly giving detail on United Nations four Purposes (Article 1) as well as its seven Principles (Article 2). Maintenance of peace and security as well as friendly relationships among nations coupled with cooperation summarizes the purposes. Sovereignty, good faith, peace security and justice, territorial integrity, assisting the UN, adherence by non members as well observance of domestic jurisdiction are the Principles. Contained in this Chapter are membership regulations under Article 3 to Article 6. Original membership, peace loving states admission, any other admission, suspension and expulsion are highlighted across these Articles (Grant, 2009). Articles 7 and 8 fall under this Chapter to give detail on organs of the UN, which include General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice (ICJ) and Secretariat and a provision for subsidiary organs. Eligibility to the organs is not restricted. From Article 39 to 51, this Chapter outlines practices and regulations to follow when dealing with issued threats against peace. It is termed as Action with Respect to Threats to the Peace, Breaches to the Peace and Acts of Aggression (Schweigman, 2001). Schweigman, D. (2001) The authority of the Security Council under Chapter VII of the UN Charter: legal limits and the role of the International Court of Justice. Leiden, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff

Individual Transition Plan for MIchael (student with learning Assignment

Individual Transition Plan for MIchael (student with learning disability) - Assignment Example Jefferson School of Arts will evaluate the drawing and assess Michael’s chances of becoming a professional artist (McDonnell, Hardman, and McDonnell 75). Michael will remain in Jefferson Middle School until September 2001 to improve on his literacy, numeracy, communication, and general life skills. In January 2002, Michael will join Jefferson School of Arts to pursue a professional career in drawing The teacher will tutor the student throughout the academic year until September 2001. The teacher will continuously evaluate Michael’s progress though observation, homework, class work, quizzes, and tests. In September 2001, the teacher will assess if the targets spelt out in the IEP have been achieved. By the end of his training in professional drawing in December 2003, Michael should be able to draw good images, market his drawing, and be qualified for employment in a drawing studio or any other organization that may require his services. After graduating from Jefferson School of Arts, Michael will return to Fine Arts Studio on voluntary basis. This will enable Michael develop his drawing skills in a business environment. Michael will also acquire practical experience that will enable him adopt properly and excel in formal employment or be able to run his own business. During his time as a volunteer at Fine Arts Studio, Michael will get 30% of the proceeds made from his drawings. When fully competent with his work, he will apply for a competitive employment position in Fine Arts Studio or any other organization that may require his services (Thoma 6). He will be placed in the production department for the first 3 months where he will work under the supervisor a professional drawing artist. He will be evaluated at the end of the first 3 months to establish if he is fit for permanent employment. Michael will continue living with his family after graduating from Jefferson School of Arts. The family will explore the long-term possibilities of independent

Strategic managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Strategic managment - Essay Example The similarities and the differences of both cases can be understood only if referring to key elements of these strategies but also to their background – i.e. the needs that led to the design and the implementation of these strategies and which were the expectations of their initiators; the success of these efforts would be also another issue for consideration especially when evaluating the tools and the analyses used for the development of the particular projects. In Uganda, the DISH project was actively supported by the country’s Ministry of Health. The project focused primarily on the prevention of expansion of HIV and TFRs – also of STD – among the population; a wide range of communication campaigns were developed across the country for a period of 8 years. The project was implemented gradually – i.e. in two phases. Its first phase began in 1994 and lasted for 5 years (see case study). The second phase began in 1999 and lasted for 3 years. In other words, the project was completed on 2002. The communication with the public – through appropriately designed communication campaigns – was the main strategic tool of the specific project. Another detail related with the implementation of the DISH project is the fact that a detailed SWOT analysis was developed before the implementation of the project in the country. The needs of the local society but also the challenges related with the development of thi s project were therefore carefully addressed before the realization of the project’s various activities. Despite the fact that the specific project was initiated by the state (ministry of health) it was developed and monitored by a private organization – Pathfinder International; a series of organizations were participated in the various phases of the project (like the JHU/ CCP and the University of North Carolina). The project was funded by the United States (Agency for International Development). In

Statistics and quality control in business Research Paper

Statistics and quality control in business - Research Paper Example The quality control process is used to improve the effectiveness of the producing system, therefore, reducing the number of defective products in the system. However, it is not possible to produce perfect products, so organizations resort to statistical methods to determine the number of defective products in the manufacturing process. One of the ways of ensuring the quality of a product is by introducing quality into the product that is presented to the customer (Reid and Sanders 172). The efficiency of the quality control process is determined by the perceived quality of the product to the final consumer. Therefore, organizations introduce statistical quality control process to improve the detection and reduction of defects in manufactured products. The statistical tools used by quality professionals are divided into four parts; statistical process control, designed experiments, descriptive statistics, and acceptance sampling. Statistical process control is used to determine whether the products from a production line meet the required standards of production (Grant and Leavenworth 521). The use of this statistical tool includes random selection of a product in a production line and measuring its characteristics to determine whether it meets current standards. This process is effective because it helps to determine the effectiveness of a process in a manufacturing line, therefore, if a process does not meet required standards, it can be reviewed and improved. This is the most effective statistical quality control process because it determines the effectiveness of a manufacturing process in the production center; therefore, the process can be improved. The second statistical tool used in quality control is designed experiments, which are also used in the production process to determine the effectiveness of the production process (Brue 59). This tool is useful in discovering the factors that influence process performance, after which process optimization is

Mental Health Parity Act of 1996 Essay Example for Free

Mental Health Parity Act of 1996 Essay The law allowed an increased cost exemption, which stated that employers that can demonstrate a one percent or more rise in costs due to parity implementation will be allowed to exempt themselves from the law. The Mental Health Parity Act did not include rules for service charges, designations for the number of inpatient hospital days or outpatient visits that must be covered, coverage in connection with Medicare or Medicaid, restrictions on a health insurance plan’s ability to manage care, and coverage for treatment of substance abuse or chemical dependency. I do not think that the Mental Health Parity Act was successful, because there are many people still in this world who don’t have insurance have to pay more than what people with insurance do. Even some people with insurance have to pay a lot out of pocket for services. Even when it was still in act, it only took effect to people with major disabilities. This left most of the population having to pay for many of the services themselves.

Reflection Essay- Zenur Levon Negotiation Process

Reflection Essay- Zenur Levon Negotiation Process Reflecting upon role play activity experience is an essential ability for all experts to grow better administration and communication skills, disagreement decision and improve future execution. To think back on the play that was directed as group work a week ago has permitted taking an interest understudies to pick up administration and negotiation skill. This paper will reflect upon the part that I personally played in this role-play action, and in addition fundamentally investigate our execution as a group work. It could be contended that our group performed well in general; yet more negotiation, communication and management abilities could have been moved forward. This paper will remark upon the group work, business communication style, and procedures and propose likely upgrades in future exercises. Our groups included four individuals and were altogether appointed with a specific part inside the role-play. Reflecting upon my part as CEO Levon and one of Negotiator, I felt at the time this did not by any means suit my identity profile. Largo and Johns (2008) state than guaranteeing close matches between role-play and genuine identity characteristics will probably deliver positive outcomes. For me, maybe the most difficult and challenging part of being allotted this in this role was working and discussing viably with our group in a reasonable and decisive way. Incidentally, I felt uneasy consulting with other colleagues who I felt had their own plan and appeared to be unwilling now and again to bargain. Looking back, this was one of the greatest difficulties I confronted in this action. Be that as it may, it additionally permitted me to construct my abilities and trust in these areas over the quantity of weeks we were included in the role-play. For me, the negotiation process with the Zenur Company advanced exceptionally well and expected an agreeable outcome. At first point both group shared company brief introduction and before making proposal Zenur discussed Levons current market situation and Levon also talked about Zenurs weakness. As a Levon negotiator we are very much interested in full acquisition. Finally discussion end with profit and management sharing in 80:20.The way that both groups were executing Win-Win an integrative collaborative procedure came about gainful for both groups. Indeed, even through outcomes was lower than our goal, it was over the BATNA and resistance indicates and esteemed please both groups (Barnett ORourke, 2011) and as our strategies was likewise intensely worried with building solid relationship with other organization we trust that we accomplished a fruitful outcome. All through the arrangement each issue was examined on at an opportunity to help achieve a result that was adequate for both groups. Because of each groups sharing data and their inspiration to accomplish a specific outcome made it was anything but difficult to cooperate to achieve common understanding over each issue. The gathering utilized Collaborative Style (I Win You Win) strategy (Bovee, Paul Thill, 2012)to attempt and accomplishes a result that is valuable for both groups. For example we settled down at 450 million dollar commonly against offer cost of 500 million dollars with one board part position in Levon from Zenur staff. The negotiation with Zenur was great anyway it was done rapidly and felt somewhat surged. As we continued through the transaction so rapidly we had overlooked some minor issue that had been not talked about. We could have utilized Salami methodology in better route by putting our request before other organization in parts and slowly (Atherton, 2014). This issue may have likewise been credited to our absence of structure with our arrangement points. Despite the fact that our arranging was finished well we didnt examine that we have wanted to. Through the transaction the primary issues were centered around anyway we missed some comparable issues by not alluding to our arranging from among the bargain procedure. All in all, to reflect upon the part I have attempted among the group role-play assignment, it can be kept up that an awesome practical experience has been learnt and learnt about business communication. In remarking upon the group flow, and the scholastic writing that has upheld the taking in this semester, it can be contended that another sets of information and comprehension has been designed and implemented. Likewise, it has been especially essential to wind up distinctly a reflective essay writer and that in undertaking such perceptions enhances ones as well as improves specific knowledge. References Atherton, T. (2014). NEGOTIATING SKILLS The Salami Tactic. Retrieved 14 February 2017, from http://www.tony-atherton.co.uk/articlenegsalami.htm Bovee, C.L, Paul, C Thill, J.V. (2012). Business Communication Today. (11 Ed.). USA: Pearson. Barnett, S., ORourke, S. (2011). Communication: organisation and innovation (3rd Ed.). Pearson Education New Zealand. Largo, E. Johns, M. 2008, Sensing of change management rulemaking for the 21st Century, Swan Page, London.

Death Is A Natural Process

Death Is A Natural Process Abstract Death is a natural process experienced by every being. Yet, societys attitude towards death and dying has become one of fear and avoidance. The intention of this essay was to consider factors that account for the gradual shift in social perceptions of death. The exploration of historical experiences of death identified the link between an increased awareness and fear of mortality, with the impact of medicalisation. It acknowledges how the radical improvements within healthcare have limited societys exposure to death by reducing the number of premature deaths. Adaptations to the care of the dying are also associated with the prevalence of the medical profession and the decline of religious influence. The essay highlights sociological concerns over the isolation of the dying, particularly when care provision is confined within the hospital environment, causing death to be hidden from society. The diverse rituals and traditions demonstrated by a variety of cultures were examined, along with the contrast in burial rites between the social classes. The psychological impact of death discussed the potential of creating a perpetual fear of dying, through childhood socialisation of death and grief. Removal of such fear and misconception is associated with the vision of palliative care. Evaluation of its strategy identified its aim to improve quality of life by promoting informed choice and patient focused care. It also acknowledged the limitations of its resources and the restriction of services to specific conditions. The culmination of all factors expressed within the essay is fundamental to the changes in social attitudes. An increased awareness of mortality and the desire to prolong life wherever possible has contributed to a fear and denial of death. Overall, social perceptions of death and dying are subjective to cultural diversity and are adaptive to the dynamics of society. In this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes (Franklin, 1789, cited in The Phrase Finder, 2013). The words of Benjamin Franklin signify the reality of deaths undeniable role in natural existence. Yet, the subject of death is more widely associated with morbidity than a universal biological process. Prior to the 19th century, very little research or literature featured such a taboo subject. This essay will explore changes in social attitudes to death and dying, with particular focus on changes in historical patterns, rituals and traditions and the progression of the hospice movement. Pre-modern society was well acquainted with death; the event, though tragic, was encountered with little surprise or overwhelming fear. The historical perspectives of death will outline the contrast between such awareness and acceptance of mortality during the Middle Ages, to modern societys focus on prevention and cure. The rituals and traditions surrounding death will consider the burial rites associated with social and economic status and present the symbolic interpretations of diverse cultures within society. The sociological impact of death will appraise the social disruptions caused by grief, and the positive social functions of death that contribute to equilibrium within society. Additional analysis of the shift in attitudes towards death will discuss the notion that society is graduating towards further denial of death. It will examine the medias portrayal of death in society, along with the desire to control and prevent death through medical science and technology. A brief review of the psychological perspective of dying will refer to socially constructed attitudes to grieving. In particular, parental socialisation and childhood experiences of grief that contributes to a perpetuated fear of death. Finally, examination of the research into the growth of the hospice movement will reveal the history behind its evolution and review the pioneering work of Dame Cicely Saunders. Critical analysis of palliative care will attempt to identify limitations of the service, along with the efforts by palliative care councils and charities, to extend services and prevent social exclusions. These services, when implemented effectively, have the potential to change societys perception of death and the dying process. Historically, the risk of death in western societies has reduced significantly over the last few centuries. Improvements within childcare, education and the discovery of antibiotics, has limited societys experience of infant mortality and contributed to an overall increased life expectancy. Premature death of children under the age of five was just 5% between 1990 and 2010, in comparison to the thousands that failed to thrive during the Middle Ages, due to poverty and diseases such as tuberculosis and the Black Death (WHO, 2012, p19). Chronic and terminal illnesses such as cancers, cardiovascular disorders and respiratory diseases account for the majority of deaths among the middle aged in contemporary society. The younger generation tends to be associated with deaths resulting from suicide, Aids and illnesses related to drug and alcohol abuse (Taylor and Field, 2003, p156). Medical technology has contributed to the eradication of many diseases within western countries but it is yet to take effect on a global level. Populations within Africa continue to be affected by cholera, leprosy and malaria. Survival rates are low due to extremes of poverty, unsanitary living conditions and limited access to medical treatment (WHO, 2012, p94). Death and disease was encountered during the Middle Ages with such regularity, it became less feared. Historian Arià ¨s (1974, p7), referred to death in this era as tamed death. Death was experienced on a communal level as friends, family and even children visited the dying on their sick bed, with no theatrics, with no great show of emotion, (Arià ¨s, 1974, p13). Religious influence was prominent during the 11th and 12th century and great emphasis was placed on the judgment of the individual on the last day of their life. A strong allegiance with church was believed to determine resurrection. Thus, the process of Ones own death, (Arià ¨s, 1974, p36) became more personal, indicating a greater awareness of existence and mortality. The 18th century witnessed the most significant change in social attitude towards death. Thy death, as described by Arià ¨s (1974, p66), intensified the emotional aspect of separation. This lead to more pronounced displays of grief through a greater fear of loss. The emotional impact of death contributed to a new desire to withhold the prognosis of death and relocate the dying to the hospital environment. Arià ¨s (1974, pp86-89), refers to this as the Forbidden death as traditional rituals of death were abandoned and replaced by clinical practices of the medical profession. The religious figures responsibility of overseeing the death process was relinquished to the physicians. Sociologists such as Elias (1985, cited in Giddens, 2009, pp320-321), acknowledge that medicalisation has enabled greater management of symptom and pain control. However, in doing so, the dying are pushed behind closed doors through a societal need to civilise the death process. He argues the promise of death free from pain and distress may come at the emotional expense of patients; as dying in hospital is both isolating and lonely. Caring for the terminally ill in hospitals became the cultural norm and was the site of approximately three quarters of all deaths by the 1950s. Ironically, many elderly people are more fearful of the institutionalisation of hospitals and nursing homes than death itself. They feel a loss of identity when removed from social circles and loved ones, to an unfamiliar environment where care is provided by strangers (Kearl, ND). Conversely, many sociologists argue that medicalisation of death has established positive social functions. Kellehear (2000, cited in Howarth, 2007, p135) maintains that good death is subject to a degree of social regulation, reliant on the collaboration of the patient, their family and the medical profession. He claims that if the responsibility of care is placed in medical hands, the patient and their family can be proactive with preparations and the organisation of personal matters. He argues, in certain circumstances the patient may continue to work, promoting self -worth and a valued contribution to society. Continuation of social roles is dependent on the nature and progression of the condition. Illnesses that cause a gradual decline in health and an anticipated death, arguably, have less impact on society. Sudden and premature deaths can evoke more intense reactions within society and require lengthier periods of readjustment (Clark and Seymour, 1999, p11). Diseases such as AIDS can attract negative societal judgment, causing sufferers to withdraw from social interaction. They may experience a loss of identity to the disease and choose to keep the stigma hidden from social view (Moon and Gillespie, 1995, p89). Deaths caused by AIDS and suicide tend to receive less empathy due to the perception of personal responsibility. Yet, some cultures in Japan view suicide as an honourable act with no attachment of religious punishment. The high rates of suicide among Japanese women over the age of 75 are thought to relieve the burden of care and responsibility from loved ones. Although suicide is still perceived negatively by Western societies it does not reflect such extreme attitudes of the Middle Ages. The historical shame attached to suicidal death led to the denial of proper burial rites. Suicide victims were often buried in the same manner as criminals and the poor of society, in unmarked graves and ditches (Howarth, 2007, p65). Burial within the confines of the church was the privilege of the wealthy. Those of high social status endeavoured to secure a burial plot under the flagstones, or within the walls of the church, believing this increased their chance of resurrection (Arià ¨s, 1974, p18). The poor did not qualify for such opportunities. Their burial was of little significance to the churches entrusted with the care of the dead. The poor were buried in either, unmarked graves or large communal ditches. As the pits became piled high with the deceased, older ditches were re-opened and the remaining bones were removed (Arià ¨s, 1974, pp18-22). This was common practice until the 18th century when concerns were raised over the lack of respect shown towards the remains of the deceased. Tombs were introduced to accommodate the dead and reduce the risk of disease from the foul smelling ditches (Arià ¨s, 1974, p70). The evolution of undertaking as a recognised profession and business replaced the primitive role adopted by carpenters and grave diggers. The management of death and burial came at a high price as funeral processions developed into a spectacle of wealth and social status. Little consideration was given to the poor, who, in extreme circumstances would store bodies of their loved ones until able to pay the funeral costs. The poor were also at the mercy of thieves involved in stealing recently expired corpses and selling them to the medical profession for analysis. They could not afford to pay for reinforced coffins or graves that offered protection within the confines of the cemetery. Such was the stigma of a paupers burial, people began to take out burial insurance and often went without food to maintain contributions to their policy (Howarth, pp222-242). The increasing cost and unsanitary nature of burial motivated an influential figure, Sir Henry Thompson, surgeon to Queen Victoria, to propose an alternative method of dealing with deceased. In 1874 he founded the Cremation Society of England and began the lengthy campaign for the legalisation of cremation. Despite continued opposition from the Home Office, it was eventually pronounced legal in 1884 during the trial of Dr William Price in a South Glamorgan courtroom. Price was an 83 year old man who was arrested for attempting to cremate the body of his five month old son. The judge, Mr Justice Stephen, declared cremation would be permitted as long as the process did not impact negatively on others. This gave rise to the construction of crematoriums and the realisation of the cremation movement on a global scale. During the 19th century The Cremation Society of England became The Cremation Society, forcing the Home Office to recognise this as a legal alternative to burial and issue c remation regulations that remain present to date. The Roman Catholic faith was also forced to acknowledge the shift in public opinion towards cremation. This led to the Pope lifting the ban that previously forbade catholic priests from conducting services in crematoriums (Cremation Society of great Britain, 1974). Although cremation has become increasingly popular in contemporary society, many continue to uphold the traditional ritual of burial. The expansion of cemeteries within close proximity of museums and parks has created more accessible environments and a society inclusive of the deceased (Kearl ND). Decorative memorial statues and headstones are more prevalently adorned by floral displays and traditional flower wreaths, symbolising continuity and eternity. Symbolism associated with the rites of passage reflects the varied cultural traditions within society. Colour is a universal symbol of death and grief, yet there are such variations of colour worn by different cultures. Black has been the traditional colour to mark the period of mourning within Britain. A torn black ribbon worn on clothing is also significant to Jewish culture and is worn for the first seven days of their mourning period. Conversely, white is worn by Sikh, Buddhist and some Hindu cultures, symbolising purity and eternal life. (Everplans, ND). Mourning periods are also subject to cultural diversity and social regulation, as normal routines and social interactions adapt to the beliefs and traditions of the individual. The sociological impact of death and its associated mourning period are socially disruptive on a variety of levels. From a functionalist perspective, the societal roles of those close to the deceased may be compromised by extensive grieving periods that can negatively impact upon the equilibrium of society. Whilst the customary ritual of mourning is acknowledged by society, there is a limit to its tolerance. There is an underlying necessity for the individuals to resume their roles and re-integrate with their social groups (Howarth, 2007, p235). The depth of disruption to social order is dependent on the number and circumstances of death and the re-distribution of roles within social groups. Historically, the effects of the Black Death on the working class community were experienced on a far greater scale through the loss of so many lives. Yet, the social groups of the upper class were able to function to some degree. They utilised their wealth and status, retreating to sanctuaries t o protect themselves, whilst continuing their positions and roles from a safe distance. Re-establishment of roles is essential, not only to maintain societys ability to function, but also to limit the financial cost of death (Kearl, ND). As Marx (1964, pp71-73) argued, a capitalist society has little sympathy for the workers, who, in their attempts to meet the demands of the ruling class put themselves at greater risk of death. The focus remains on the potential disruption to work and its threat to capitalism. Working hours lost to grief and mourning reduces production and profits. Death also provides opportunities for financial gain within a capitalist society; insurance policies, funeral and burial costs undoubtedly contribute to capitalist economic wealth. Social mechanisms have evolved throughout history to reduce the disruption of death to society. During the Middle Ages, when childhood mortality was commonplace, people were socialised to refrain from forming a deep attachment to their children. Many did not refer to their children by their names until they reached a certain age, as survival rates were low. Women often gave birth many times to increase the likelihood of the survival of at least one child. Through the effects of medicalisation, premature deaths have been significantly reduced. Medical institutions have increased the promotion of health awareness to minimise the risk of death and its disruption to society. Death itself has become less visible as social systems of modern society have contributed to the institutionalisation of the dying. Funeral arrangements have become a more discrete process through delegation of matters to businesses specialise in the management of death (Kearl, ND). Death, though disruptive, has evident positive social functions. Societys rules of succession allow the social roles of the deceased to be surrendered to family members or the wider community, creating the potential of social mobility. Death also functions to control an ever increasing population, whilst its fear induces a greater level of social control and conformity (Kearl, ND). An increased awareness of mortality can promote reflection on the values of a society. When death is experienced on a large scale, communities demonstrate a collective approach to morals and values. Social bonds are formed as they attempt to cope with tragic circumstances and are united in grief (Howarth, 2007, p112). Tragedies and natural disasters that lead to mass death receive extensive global media coverage. Televised news reports provide visual access to scenes such as the gunfire during the Gulf War and the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. Despite the morbid aspect of death, television shows such as ER, Six Feet Under and House, depict scenes of death and dying that have become a part of popular culture. Film productions incorporating death as the underlying theme are presented across a variety of genres such as westerns, horrors and comedy. References to death do not escape the music industry, expressly within the lyrics of rap and heavy metal songs. The description of violent acts, coupled with the murders of well-known musicians within the rap culture, no doubt contribute to the dark and morbid image of death (Durkin, 2003, p44). Sensationalising media reports on the deaths of public figures and celebrities heighten the curiosity of the public and instigate outpouring display s of grief. The term dark tourism outlined by Marchant and Middleton (2007, p2) highlights the increasing phenomenon of visiting scenes of tragic death like the Nazi concentration camps and Ground Zero. It suggests that such behaviour may not simply occur out of grief and sympathy, rather, curiosity and a desire to connect with the event. Fundamentally, the suggestion is that society may be more open to face death than deny or hide from it. Contemporary western societies have been described by some sociologists as death denying, a result of the medicalisation of death. The dynamics of society have become focused on finding cures for illness, disease and the prevention of death wherever possible. Advancements within the medical and pharmaceutical fields have made significant progress in prolonging life. However, the involvement of such specialised medical technology is often limited to clinical environments. Arguably, this contributes to social isolation of the sick. The invisibility of death not only shields the death process, it protects the family members and social groups within society. If medical technologies and tools were not utilised in the management of death, it may be deemed as a capitalist attempt to limit costs within healthcare provision. Many social scientists argue that medicalisation has, in fact, enabled a degree of acceptance towards death. They maintain that the active scientific approach to healthca re increases the acceptance of death when it is beyond the control of science (Zimmerman and Rodin, 2004, p125). Scientific analysis and discoveries have provided western societies with a greater awareness of environmental risks. Natural disasters, often referred to as Acts of God, may not be controlled by science; however, modern technology has increased the accuracy of predicting such events (Howarth, 2007, p77). Whilst, prediction can facilitate a greater level of preparation and reduce the risk of death, it is essentially beyond all control. The nature of death can itself be shaped by society in relation to the cultural, social and economic environment. Durkheims exploration of societal influence on death was examined during his suicide study (Appendix 1). His investigation highlighted the correlation between economic instability during periods of both depression and prosperity and an increase in suicide rates. He maintained that societal forces were of greater influence than an individuals state of mind. The conclusions of Durkheims study were based on official statistics, therefore, it is reasonable to question their true reflection of society (Giddens, 2009, pp16-17). However, his argument that death is a social problem is plausible. It is societys response to death that is reflected in the unique rituals and symbolic meanings established to provide a coping mechanism for death and dying (Howarth, 2007, p15). The high rate of suicide among young males is one of the more significant statistics in modern society. The general perception of the male as the provider may cause increased pressure to compete successfully for social and economic resources. Failure to meet such expectations can make suicide seem like a viable solution to the problem. The pressure to maintain the masculine role and the reluctance to seek assistance is instrumental to the male approach when faced with death and grief (Howarth, 2007, pp64-65). Grief is considered by some social scientists as a universal reaction to the loss of human life. Yet, the subjective nature and extent of grief can vary between culture, social class and gender. During the late 19th century, unlike men, middle class women were encouraged to grieve openly as greater emphasis was placed on the caring and sympathetic disposition of their role. Functionalists, in their perception of the natural division of gender roles, would argue that exhibitions of male grief are a sign weakness and damaging to the masculine role (Howarth, 2007, pp223-231). Prior to medical advancements many women, particularly in the working class, died during childbirth. Husbands often remarried swiftly after the death of their spouse to re-establish the female role of housewife and mother. In modern day society, there have been numerous studies that indicate higher levels of mortality occur within close proximity of the death of a spouse. Objective analysis of these circumstances may identify other contributing factors that have a causal link such as; lack of appetite, a change in lifestyle and the increased emotional and financial stress that accompanies death and loss (Gross and Kinnison, 2007, p372). As mourning has become less of a public display within society, Arià ¨s (1974, p91) suggests that such discretion may influence the high rates of mortality among surviving spouses. He argues that society has become less accepting of grief, causing the bereaved to withhold emotion through fear of judgement. Grief does not always follow death, it can precede it by those facing death. Psychologist Kà ¼bler-Ross developed a framework classifying the five stages of grief; Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance, all relating to the anticipation and process of dying (Kà ¼bler-Ross, 1970, pp34-99). Whilst these stages provide an insight and explanation to the emotions experienced, generalisations should not be made concerning the grieving process. The five stage theory (Appendix 2) is to some degree a one size fits all approach and may not reflect the multi-cultural society of today. However, there is room for variation and flexibility within each stage of the Kà ¼bler-Ross framework that may be applicable to certain cultures. Gross and Kinnison (2007, pp378-379) maintain that childhood grief is also subjective to culture and socialisation, rather than a generalised stage process. They argue that children of modern society are often shielded from the realities of death, resulting from parental fear and denial of death. Feelings and emotions expressed by those surrounding them have the potential to shape the childs outlook and ability to contend with death. Kà ¼bler-Ross (1970, p6) argues that children who are present in an environment where death has occurred and are given the opportunity to talk rather than being removed from the environment, can share in the grieving and mourning process. Death then has the potential to be less feared and more accepted as a natural part of life. Nurses and medical staff involved in the care of the dying are far more exposed to all aspects of death and grief than most. Communication with dying patients and sensing the appropriate time to discuss issues of terminal illness is a fundamental, yet challenging part of the role. Consequently, many healthcare professionals utilise a form of behaviour referred to by psychologists as blocking. This enables them to avoid confrontation of such issues by changing the subject and re-directing the focus onto less pessimistic issues. Although the predominant focus of medicine is to cure, the dynamics of nursing terminally ill patients have progressed allowing greater emphasis to be placed on care. This has been motivated by the increasing growth of the hospice movement (Gross and Kinnison, 2007, pp377-378). Evolution of the hospice can be traced back to the Middle Ages when its function was to provide shelter and care for the sick, elderly, orphans and the poor. The progression of medicalisation during the 19th century, led to the establishment of new hospitals that focused on the management and cure of financially profitable illnesses, such as scurvy and leg ulcers. The chronically ill and dying were deemed as undesirable and non-profitable patients. Subsequently, medical and spiritual care was provided in sanctuaries by religious orders (Clark and Seymour, 1999, pp66-67). The 20th century witnessed the greatest change in the provision of care for the terminally ill. In 1967, St. Christophers Hospice was founded by Dame Cicely Saunders. It was the first of its kind, offering management of symptom control and care alongside clinical research. Saunders trained as a nurse, a medical social worker and eventually a physician. She was motivated to work within the care of the terminally ill as the general consensus among clinicians was that little could be offered to these patients. Her pioneering work within the hospice inspired charitable organisations to fund the construction of many more hospices. St. Christophers hospice eventually extended its services to the wider community in 1969 (St.Christophers.org, ND). The expansion of community based care led to an increase in funding from charitable organisations for the provision of specialist cancer nurses. As the hospice movement gathered momentum, there was an alteration in the terminology of this division of care, from terminal to palliative care. Distancing the association of terminal with imminent death aimed to address the misconception that patients qualifying for palliative services were at the end stages of life. Although hospices were initially reliant on charitable funds, the elevating costs of clinical treatments and increased life expectancy forced many to apply for NHS state funding. The involvement of the NHS not only induced financial support but also an element of regulation (Clark and Seymour, 1999, pp74-78). The influence of government funding within hospices has generated concern among some sociologists, who fear the hospice movement is in danger of losing sight of its original vision. The focus on professionalism and qualit y audits has led to comparisons of hospices with large organisational institutions, guilty of routinisation (James and Field, 1992, pp1363-1375). Palliative care services are difficult to measure as the nature of the service is to manage care and symptom control rather than to cure. Palliative care focuses on the value of quality of life rather than the medical model of quantity of life (Appendix 2). Palliative care and the hospice movement have predominantly been associated with terminal diseases such as cancer, AIDS and motor neurone disease. Yet, there has been an increasing demand for services to be inclusive of other lesser known conditions (Seymour, 2007). Many organisations are now actively working towards the provision of services across a wider spectrum, through data analysis and interaction with government agencies and politicians (National Council for Palliative Care, 2012). A key issue is the limitation of available resources and funds to meet the increased demand. Support and guidance extends to the family affected by the illness, exerting further pressure on the service to adapt the delivery of care in accordance to the family structure and dynamics. Consideration of varying traditions within a multi-cultural society is fundamental to the success of the service (Becker, 2009). The demographic changes to society and increased life expectancy have intensified the expectation of services to be available for extended periods. Access to palliative care in a modern capitalist society has led to a postcode lottery. The poor of society are at greater risk of being deprived of services if they reside in damp, cold and lower quality housing, deemed an unsuitable environment for community based care (Seymour, 2007). Less affluent areas of society with a high proportion of ethnic minorities are also significantly under-represented as palliative care service users. The language barrier and lack of information is a significant issue as patients and families are not fully aware of the referral procedure. For many cultures accepting a provision of care from outside agencies removes the responsibility from the extended family (Beresford, Adshead, Croft, 2006, pp146-151). Palliative care services are not easily accessible to the homeless of society. They are often reluctant to attend appointments in an unfamiliar environment, for fear of judgment or isolation. New initiatives such as St. Mungos Palliative Care Project, aim to tackle this issue by offering support and guidance to homeless sufferers and the professionals who work alongside them (National Council for Palliative Care, 2012). St. Christophers have also collaborated with the University of Baths Centre for Death and Society, to promote services. Through the utilisation of media resources and technology they are able to extend services to non-resident patients and prevent social exclusions (Centre for Death and Society, 2012). Professor Ilora Finlay has become a modern day pioneer of the hospice movement. Her role as the first consultant in Palliative Medicine at Cardiff University and work within parliament has led to the implementation of her palliative care strategy. This strategy has facilitated the enhancement of patient-focused services across Wales. Finlay is also responsible for the establishment of distance learning courses in palliative care, achieving international recognition and contributing to the increasing number of palliative care clinicians (Finlay, 2009, pp349-351). There is a recognised need for re-investment in palliative care to develop professional skills across a wide range of services. The benefits will not only improve patients quality of life but also reduce unnecessary NHS hospital admissions and the financial cost to the economy (Association for Palliative Medicine, 2010). Arguably, there would be less expectation of society to change its attitude towards dying, if, the focus r emained on the provision of resources to prevent anxiety and facilitate a good death (Zimm

The Selling of Women in America Essay -- Research Essays

The Selling of Women in America Beautiful, skin-tight clothing, thin, blonde, long hair, and big breasted women are what people normally think of when they think of television commercials. This is very stereotypical but how stereotypical is it? Look at the media anymore and this is what the audience sees. There may be a change here and there with the hair color and how tight the clothing is but in all honestly this is what the public is seeing on television screens if they sit there and watch the television screens. Our society has brought about the sex appeal in women to sell their products. How true is all of this? From a series of surveys, an interview, observation, and case study I have chosen to prove that a certain â€Å"type† of woman is used in commercials and that she is used for her sex appeal in them. I surveyed five girls and five guys on whether or not they think that women are used as sex objects and if there is a certain type of women that is used for these commercials. An interview was also done with my friend Lindsay to go into more detail on this subject. Many different answers were given but there were specific types of answers that the majority of the ten interviewees answered with. In surveying these ten people that I have chosen I came up with some diverse answers and yet some similar ones. Sixty percent of the people surveyed reported that sports and sitcoms were the top two television programs watched. The main sports that are watched are football, basketball, hockey, and baseball, however, there were others mentioned. It was funny to see that the type of commercial that was mostly perceived by the surveyors was beer commercials, but other responses included sports, clothing, foo... ...tracted to her appearance referring to her a â€Å"hot† and they wouldn’t change a thing to her outfit. However, one of them said that they would use 1-800-COLLECT because of disliking other telephone services but not because the angel said to. But he did feel that she does leave the number floating around in his head because she is the one saying it. Women are clearly used in commercials for their sex appeal and it is not just any woman; it is a woman who is most likely big breasted, slim, attractive with long, blonde hair, smiling, tall, curvy, and model-like. Because of this â€Å"attractiveness† men and both women find themselves viewing commercials that have these types of women in them. From the surveys, interview, and case study I have found that these stereotypes are true and that yes, people may buy these products because of these beautiful, glamorous women.

Argument and Parody in T.S. Eliots Four Quartets Essay -- T.S. Eliot

The Seduction of Argument and the Danger of Parody in T.S. Eliot's Four Quartets Though its more lyrical passages present detailed and evocative imagery, substantial portions of T.S. Eliot's Four Quartets afford no such easy approach. Since the initial appearance of "Burnt Norton" it has been a critical commonplace to regard these portions of the text as at once its most conceptually profound and its most formally prosaic. Of course, the Quartets offer enough cues toward this critical attitude that it may fairly be said to reside within the poem at least as much as it is imposed from without. As the text of the poem itself apparently gives license to the view that its "poetry does not matter," the preponderance of critical attention to the Quartets' non-lyrical passages has been devoted to philosophical and theological paraphrase of its argument, to explicating the system of belief or thought behind the words. Meanwhile, relatively little attention has been paid to the working of the poetry itself, to the construction of the presumed meaning, in these "discursive " or "conceptual" passages. Seduced by the desire for a systematic argument, criticism has overestimated these passages' straightforwardness and largely neglected their ambiguity and indeterminacy. The seductive voice of argument – which is already a voice within the poem – invites conceptual scrutiny but repels formal analysis; it displaces the concerns of "poetry" in order to work its poetry undetected. I will be reading critically several critical discussions, but always in the belief that the criticism's concerns are not projected onto the poem from without, but express the critical voices within the poem. The seduction of reading the Four Quartets as a systema... ...loise Knapp. T.S. Eliot's Negative Way. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982. Kenner, Hugh. The Invisible Poet: T.S. Eliot. London: Methuen & Co., 1965. Orwell, George. "T.S. Eliot." In T.S. Eliot: Four Quartets: A Casebook. Ed. Bernard Bergonzi. London: Macmillan, 1969. Reed, Henry. "Chard Whitlow." In Collected Poems, p. 15. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. Shapiro, Karl. "Poetic Bankruptcy." In T.S. Eliot: Four Quartets: A Casebook. Ed. Bernard Bergonzi. London: Macmillan, 1969. Thompson, Eric. T.S. Eliot: The Metaphysical Perspective. Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1963. Times Literary Supplement. "Mr T.S. Eliot's Confession." In T.S. Eliot: Four Quartets: A Casebook. Ed. Bernard Bergonzi. London: Macmillan, 1969. Traversi, Derek. T.S. Eliot: The Longer Poems. London: The Bodley Head, 1976.

Action plan for optimum health and wellness Essay

There are several elements of health and wellness, which include physical, social, environmental, emotional, spiritual, and intellectual. However, the top three elements of health and wellness that need more advocacy in society are physical, emotional, and environmental. Health is a good physical condition, the condition of the body and mind, and the presence of illness (Donatelle, 2011). Physical health is extremely important because exercise, for one, means the ability to have a strong, healthy heart, and good recuperating abilities. Incorporating different kinds of exercise into one’s daily routine will help not only relieve stress but also a variety of other health factors. Emotional health is a serious issue in our society today. Keeping a positive attitude and self- esteem is extremely essential for good health. When one lets certain situations fall to a low, it results in hurt, anger, and even depression, which are key factors of an unhealthy lifestyle. Possessing low emotional health could interfere with motivation to exercise, healthy eating habits, and good communication skills. Environmental health is also priority. Society can do certainly more to improve environmental conditions. This includes not littering, recycling properly, and less air pollution. These key elements ensure a positive clean way to healthy living. Understanding the important roles that nutrition and fitness have as active parts in our lives is a topic that requires additional advocacy. Nutrition and fitness are two key factors that work alongside each other and are critical elements that help maintain optimum health. Concentrations in good nutrition can deliver effective results in preventing the body from acquiring a chronic disease and obesity. Obtaining a chronic disease can have major impacts on a person’s life and requires extreme lifestyle changes. A chronic disease developed from poor nutrition is vital and can lead to many complications, inclu ding death. According to the CDC (2009), nearly one hundred and thirty-three million people live with at least one chronic disease. Consistency with daily exercise and good nutrition will ensure a healthy balance needed for good health and wellness. Without the right nutrition, fitness will not improve the body, and without fitness, nutrition will not have any additional benefits. Fitness is important because it helps fight infections in the body and improves the immune system to help fight infection at a more effective and rapid rate. Fitness is also important because it may give a person a sense of self-confidence. Self-confidence allows a person motivation and pride in who they are. Fitness will help primarily to live a better life in the way he or she thinks, sleeps, and in daily activity performances. It is mandatory to be consistent with eating healthy and staying fit. Great fitness and nutrition are necessities in obtaining optimum health and is achievable by incorporating daily physical activity. Without nutrition and fitness, a person will expose their body to a chronic disease that may eventually cause one’s life. Some of the environmental effects on health that people may be exposed to and be unaware of are in places such as the home and workplace, which can be fatal. Air pollution is one of the most common problems we encounter daily. Mold is another cause of concern with symptoms that range from something as harmless as a cough to a serious condition such as respiratory illness. Lead is one of the most significant and widespread environmental hazards for children. According to the CDC (2013), about 24 million homes in the United States contain deteriorated lead-based paint and elevated levels of lead-contaminated house dust. It is critical to know what environmental health hazards people can be in contact with in order to prevent any damage to our health. Other environmental issues people need awareness on is water contamination and toxic chemicals stored undernea th kitchen cabinets. The drinking water quality has a major influence on public health. Significant attention is required on all chemicals used in the home daily, which can be very harmful to one’s health if people use it inappropriately. It is particularly important to store toxic cleaning supplies appropriately when children are present in the home. In addition, smoking is an environmental health concern that can lead to very serious health problems, which includes the inhalation of secondhand smoke. Awareness of the resources and prevention  tips available is vital for all of these environmental health hazards. Making positive changes to the way the environment is today will ensure a healthier lifestyle. There are different strategies available for preventing chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardio-vascular disease. First, one strategy for preventing cancer is maintaining yearly examinations at the physician’s office. It is also important to follow steps in checking oneself, more so, if cancer is hereditary. Proper nutrition is an import ant factor; however, there are specific items that can be included in daily eating habits, which will help in prevention. These items are green leafy vegetables and tomatoes. One should also avoid excessive sunlight and unnecessary x-rays for prevention of skin cancer. Exercising as often as possible to avoid stress is also a key factor for cancer prevention. Eliminating smoking habits and secondhand smoke are vital for prevention of lung cancer. According to the American Lung Association (2013), cigarette smoking is the number one cause of preventable disease and death worldwide. â€Å"Smoking-related diseases claim over 393,000 American lives each year† (American Lung Association, 2013). Diabetes best practices are staying away from drinking liquids that contain high levels of sugar. Walking, running or any type of physical activity at least twice a week is essential for keeping diabetes controlled. Cardiovascular disease is another chronic disease that is responsible for several heart attacks and deaths. Some helpful tips for prevention of cardiovascular disease are exercises such as walking o r running. The heart is a muscle; therefore, it requires physical activity to be healthy. Avoiding some red meats and incorporating healthy breakfast meals like oatmeal are also very helpful. There are several tips one can follow for prevention of cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Staying proactive and aware of these issues is necessary to live a healthy life. â€Å"On the whole, the immune system does a remarkable job of defending you against disease-causing microorganisms† (How to boost your immune system, 2013). However, there are different factors that play a role that help attack the immune system, causing defenses to weaken. When germs invade the immune system, this causes one to get sick. Certain illnesses, such as diabetes, and AIDS can cause the immune system to not perform at an optimum level and allow sickness to invade the body more quickly. There are several ways to boost one’s immune system to achieve strong fighting  defenses. Good nutrition, proper vitamins and good exercise are some examples to boost the immune system. â€Å"To function well, it requires balance and harmony† (How to boost your immune system, 2013). Adopting healthy-living strategies is necessary to ensure good health, which means a strong immune system with strong defense fighting capabilities. â€Å"There is still much that researchers do not know about the intricacies and interconnectedness of the immune response† (How to boost your immune system, 2013). According to How to Boost Your Immune System (2013), â€Å"for now there are no scientifically proven direct links between lifestyle and enhanced immune function†. REFERENCES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009) Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. The power to prevent, The Call to Control: At a Glance 2009. Retrieved October 28, 2013, from http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/chronic.htm Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Get the Lead Out: National Lead Poisoning Prevention Week 2013. Retrieved October 28, 2013, from http://blogs.cdc.gov/yourhealthyourenvironment/2013/10/23/get-the-lead-out-national-lead-poisoning-prevention-week-2013/ Donatelle, R. J. (2011). Health. The Basics, Green Edition. Retrieved from The University ofPhoenix eBook Collection database. How to boost your immune system. (2013). Retrieved October 29, 2013 from http://www.health.harvard.edu/flu resource-center/how-to-boost-your-immune-system.htm Smoking. (2013). Retrieved October 31, 2013 from http://www.lung.org/stop-smoking/about smoking/health-effects/smoking.html

Ordering system Essay

Online Ordering Bookshop system is commonly used by most of the establishment. The group dedicated to convert the manual system into automated system because most of the establishments are now using automated system. In the present generation there are many instant ways on how to buy stuff. Going directly to the store is sometimes a hassle thing to do. You would feel disappointed if the product that you want is already out of stock. In order to lessen the inconvenience, most businesses implement an ordering system through phone, and through innovations of technology, some businesses today are engaging in an online ordering system to help them monitor their products easily and give their customers better service. There are still many businesses today which are not aware of what online technology to apply to their business. 1.2 Problem Statement A purchasing system is an important tool for businesses that can be critical for a healthy business operation. It primarily helps vendors to offer their products online, thus, reaching more possible customers. Considering the advantages of having an online purchasing system for stores, still a lot of businesses are not able to enjoy its benefits mainly because of costs from the development and maintenance of such systems. With this reality, only those big businesses are able to profit from this system, widening the gap of the competition. 1.3 Objectives of the Study 1.3.1 General Objective The goal is to develop an online business platform for book vendors and book enthusiasts. 1.3.2 Specific Objective To comply with the general objective, the study must accomplish the following: 1. To create a system that will register different book vendors and their products that will be available for sale online. 2. To create a system that would allow customers to browse, search and buy offered products. 3 Design a system that could generate reports for reference of parties involved. 2 1.4 Conceptual/Theoretical Framework The concept used is the Input-Process-Output (IPO) by Kenneth E. Kendall and Julie E. Kendall (1997) in their book entitled â€Å"SAD 3rd Edition(1997)† referred to as an overview diagram. InputProcessOutput Figure 1.0 Conceptual Framework Figure 1.0 show the theoretical framework that was followed in the development of the system. The input phase shows where the data and information was gathered. The process phase includes the analysis of the acquired information’s as well as the development, design and testing of the system. The output phase will be the proposed study. 3 1.5 Significance of the Study The proposed system will be beneficial to Book traders that can’t afford the cost of developing and maintaining their own purchasing system and for book shoppers who wanted a one-stop shop for their favorite/needed reading materials. 1.6 Scope and Limitation The scope of the proposed system resides on the ability to cater purchases online and generate reports of registered users/vendors, added products and the transactions occurred. This study mainly focuses on the concept of online purchasing, thus, delimits the actual inventory of the products per see. 4 1.7 Definition of Terms Application – A computer program with a user interface. Develop – To bring from latency to or toward fulfillment Diagram – A plan, sketch, drawing, or outline designed to demonstrate or explain how something works Figure – A written or printed symbol representing something other than a letter, especially a number. Framework – A fundamental structure, as for a written work. Generate – To produce as a result of a chemical or physical process Information – Knowledge derived from study, experience, or instruction. Input – Something put into a system or expended in its operation to achieve output or a result Inventory – A detailed, itemized list, report, or record of things in one’s possession, especially a periodic survey of all goods and materials in stock. Internet – An interconnected system of networks that connects computers around the world via the TCP/IP protocol. Online – Connected to a computer or computer network. Output – The information produced by a program or process from a specific input. Phase – A distinct stage of development Process – A running software program or other computing operation. Scope – The area covered by a given activity or subject. System – An organized and coordinated method; a procedure Transaction – A record of business conducted at a meeting; proceedings. 5

Compare and contrasts of ‘The Soldier’ by Rupert Brooke and ‘Dulce et Decorum est’ Wilfred Owen Essay

Wilfred Owen and Rupert Brooke both share the similar themes within their poems, which are war and death. Although there is unconformity within their views due to their backgrounds and experiences. Brooke was very idealistic, which makes sense when he never actually got to fight in the war as he died shortly before where as Owen went through the genuine experience. Two poems that highlight these two contrasts are ‘The Solider’ and ‘Dulce et Decorum est’. In ‘The Solider’, Rupert Brooke illustrates how a soldier is reflecting on the possible death going away to war may bring. Although from his opinion his death if so was to happen shouldn’t be mourned and his death will be a tribute to his England. When compared to Wilfred Owen’s ‘Dulce et Decorum est’ the views are far from similar. Brooke states dying for your country is honourable where as Owen interprets dying for your country is not all glory and honour and more pain and suffering. Both poets desire different forms to present their poems. ‘The Solider’ is a sonnet which suits Brookes type of poems as he romantises the theme of war ‘The Solider’ is very much as well a love poem to his idealized England. Where as Owen opts for the more simple 8. 8. 11, Owen doesn’t seem to have a solid form as Brookes does. They both share the rhyming pattern of ABABCDCD which allow their poems to flow and create rhythm. The structure ‘Dulce et Decorum est’ can be broken down into three parts, an outsiders description and recollection of events featuring soldiers withdrawing from the frontline, a man within the battle himself, and a addressing to the reader of confrontation to those who share the idealistic view of war. Owens poem creates a build up towards his main point in which he finishes off with ‘The Old lie; Dulce et Decorum est Pro Patria mori’. From Owens experiences ‘Dulce et Decorum est’ acts as a warning and a hit of realism to those who are at home. ‘The Solider’ is a much more relaxed peaceful sonnet. Brookes use of natural imagery creates a more calm aspect of war. ‘Dulce et Decorum est’ features intense imagery as the key of Owens poem is to get across a point of the horrendousness of war. Within ‘The Solider’ Brooke recalls the memoirs of a fallen solider whom declares his patiotism to England by declaring that his death shall be the eternal ownership of England, of a small portion of land he has died upon, Brooke doesn’t have a main structure to his poem as his point is connoted though out the whole of the sonnet. This sonnet canbe split into two stanzas, the first stanza refers to the physical part of the solider and the second a more psychological point of view. Within the physical part the words used refer to things that can physically be touch ‘bore’ ‘shaped’ ‘made’ in the second is more things you cant touch ‘mind ‘thoughts ’ ‘sounds’ ‘dreams’. Both poets use different types of language to get across their ideas. ‘Dulce et Decorum est’ uses harsh and meaningful language. His uses of metaphors creates deeper impact and imagery ‘blood shod’. Owens opening stanza has caracterism of the language about ‘fatigue’, they ‘limped on’, ‘marched asleep’ this connotes pitiful language which intends to reveal the reality of war. Alliteration is used to reflect the agonising of the gas victim ‘And watch the white eyes writhing in his face’. Owen features a shift of register which grabs the readers attention ‘Gas! Gas! Quick, boys!’ this change of register adds more realism and switches the point of view to a soliders. Rupert Brooke uses personification to the word ‘England’, ‘gives somewhere back the thoughts by England given’. Brooke uses pure language within his sonnet such as ‘gentleness’ ‘heaven’ love’ ‘blest’.

Pre 1914 Poetry William Blake Essay

These poems ‘Holy Thursday (experience)’ and Holy Thursday (innocence) are set on Ascension Day in a service in St. Paul’s church. This was a special occasion for the orphans who came from London Charity Schools. The ‘Holy Thursday (innocence)’ poem can be interpreted in two different ways. The impression we get at first is that the orphans are treated well and they lead happy lives but after reading ‘Holy Thursday (experience)’ you start to realise that there is a negative way of understanding the same poem. This view shows the orphans to be mistreated and very unhappy. The phrase ‘their innocent faces clean’ suggests children that are being well looked after rather than being abandoned and roaming the streets of London. There is a suggestion that the children have companions, are well behaved and have a sense of order by the line ‘the children walking two by two’ This is further added to by the phrase ‘In red, blue and green’ which implies that they were dressed in bright, smart uniforms rather than rags. The children have angelic guardians to nurture and protect them, as implied by the lines ‘Grey-headed beadles walked before’ who have ‘wands’ are described ‘as white as snow’ which makes us feel that these are enchanted guardians who are pure and magical. Another phrase that adds to this is the sentence ‘Wise guardians to the poor’. There is further reference to the good work that the guardians are doing when William Blake uses the term ‘Multitudes of lambs’ implying the guardians are shepherding and guiding innocent creatures. The idea of lambs conjures up the image of animals all grouped together making sure that they are all safe. The orphans are referred to as flowers in the second paragraph, implying delicate, natural and beautiful. Flowers signify peace implying that the children are good-natured. ‘Seated in companies they sit’ like good well-behaved pupils in a school, to say their nature is calm and peaceful rather than loud and rowdy. Their god-fearing nature is implied by the words ‘raising their innocent hands’ probably referring to prayer as they are hopeful and eager. In the last paragraph William Blake is saying the children enjoy going to church, praying and singing hymns as †like a mighty wind they raise to heaven the voice of song.Overall the poem has a lively rhythm with pace to give it a beat and fluidity. Now I am going to analyse ‘Holy Thursday (experience)’ poem. In the first stanza Blake describes England as a country which is ‘rich and fruitful’. This would appear to be his own experience of life in England but this statement can be interpreted in different ways. Blake could have meant that England is rich in that there is fruit and food but it is poor because of the amount of orphans. He uses ‘holy’ to infer that England is a Christian Country and asks why babies should be reduced to misery and fed and looked after by people who don’t care for them ‘Cold and usurious hand?’. In the second stanza he asks three rhetorical questions. We know ‘the trembling cry’ isn’t a song and that whatever is crying is probably alone and maybe crying out for help. ‘Can it be a song of joy?’ Perhaps it could be a song of joy for the favoured few who live in the rich and fruitful land but for the many poor children roaming the streets of London it isn’t. ‘It is a land of poverty’. In the previous poem ‘Holy Thursday (innocence)’ he says that the children ‘raise to heaven the voice of song’. He obviously believes that songs can lift a spirit and in ‘Holy Thursday (experience)’ it hurts him, that there are no songs of joy going heavenwards form children who are so pure. Normally to see how rich a country a country is you measure the amount of wealth the country but here Blake is measuring the happiness by asking if their singing which is usually a sign of happiness from children. The third stanza describes their happiness in terms of the climate. Their lives are like a place where the; ‘sun does never shine. And their fields are bleak and bare.’ In the third line he contrasts their journey through life with that of Christ’s crown of thorns. The image that this reflects is of a painful way through life. And the next line is echoed in a later work by C.S Lewis who uses the term eternal winter to mean a place, like Siberia, that is unbearably sad and where happiness does not exist. This metaphor makes us aware that there is never any joy of warmth in their lives and that emotionally they are completely bereft and emotionally starved of love. In the last paragraph he again refers to the environment and the weather to describe a situation where everything would be all right and ‘Babe cam never hunger there’. This completely fails to show the real reason why those children are poor. Rain and sunshine won’t get them out of the grinding poverty that they are in. It is simply used as a metaphor to change the children’s situation from eternal winter to dry warm summer in which they would appear to be happy. Throughout the poem there is a lack of colour and description so it is difficult to conjure up any image other than of a grey bleak landscape, where grey people and grey children exist in a society that doesn’t value them. In ‘Holy Thursday (innocence)’ he uses descriptive words such as ‘clean’, ‘two by two’, ‘red’,’ blue’, ‘green’ and ‘as white as snow’ to conjure up a picture of London that is quite different. Blake also appears to be attacking the church in other poems for its splendour and wealth but also its lack of humanity and awareness of the ‘multitudes of lambs’ which could be led to the slaughter and misery of poverty. Reading the ‘Holy Thursday (experience)’ makes you reconsider the poem ‘Holy Thursday (innocence) and its approach. In a negative this is my interpretation.In the first stanza it is implied that the thousands of orphans are being made to scrub their faces clean so much that it hurts. This cleanliness of the children is only a faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade to give a good impression when the phrase ‘their innocent faces clean’ appears. This implies that the children are disciplined and regimented. This makes a good impression on the carers. This is also show ‘in red and blue and green’ because it shows that they are being made to wear a uniform. Being forced to wear uniforms means that the orphans also lose their individuality. ‘Grey-headed beadles walked before’ could show that these ‘carers’ are bad people who order the children around and make them walk ‘two and two’ like in the military. This also implies that these bad people are egotistical because they only look after themselves and they might only be looking after the children for extra money. These military officers have canes to beat the children with as it says ‘with wands as white as snow.’ This idea of the children being part of a military force is backed up by the quote ‘seated in companies they sit.’ Because the army is sectioned off into companies, they stand in a certain order and they are very obedient. ‘These flowers of London town’ implies that the children are innocent and pure but like flowers they will eventually die. Flowers are also vulnerable and easily ruined. The comparison between the groups of children and the ‘multitudes of lambs’ implies that the orphans like the lamps, group together like pure innocent creatures. The image of the lamb also stands for the idea of vulnerability and sacrifice. Like the lambs the orphans are forced to do what the carers tell them to do, and may face an early death as victims of a cruel world. ‘Thousands of little boys and girls’ suggests that there are any poor orphans who are homeless. This shows that there is a large scale of poverty. The orphans plead for help by ‘raising their innocent hands.’ ‘Like a mighty wind†¦voice of song’ implies that the wind is like a destructive hurricane ready to sweep their lives away. Ironically the ‘wise guardians of the poor’ are there to look after the orphans for the money and are not concerned about the orphans at all. The rhythm of the poem in this negative view is a like a strict military march.