The Information Age And The Concerns Of Privacy - 1953 Words

The Information Age and the Concerns of Privacy Communication is an essential act in the constitution of a society. Throughout history man has felt the necessity to express his emotions, thoughts, accomplishments and deeds. Communication is a fundamental process and the basis of any social organization. It is a human interaction between individuals, through which identities are formed. Communication technologies have changed dramatically in the last quarter-century, bringing in a new concept of communication that lies in the free flow of information and ideas which is interactive and egalitarian, resulting in what has been called the Information Age. The technology has given the facility to its users to share information all around the†¦show more content†¦The right to collect information should be limited to specific government programs concerning national security for the reason that public safety is primary, and all resources to ensure it must be utilized, but only under a valid, legal process since privacy is also a r ight that has to be respected. As a matter of fact, it is the responsibility of the government to ensure the safety of its citizens. In order to live with tranquility and achieve peace, security is a main point to consider. Living in a place where citizens are not sure of what to expect every day they go out to the streets, drive, take a bus, go to their jobs, schools, leave their children or any kind of activity/ is something that would definitely diminish their life quality. As an illustration the terrorist attack of the United States of America on September 11 must be remembered, where thousands of innocent citizens died, and fear was caused through all the country. There have been other attacks, affecting always innocent citizens, like the bombs in the Boston Marathon, or the murders in schools. Threat to national security will always be present, and for that reason the government must take action into necessary security measures to protect the society the much as possible. As Jean Bethke Elshtain says,  "The primary responsibility of government is to provide basic security—ordinary civic peace.†

Is A College Education Worth It - 1533 Words

Is a college education worth it? While it is important to get a college education, there are many people who cannot afford to go to college. Going to college leaves adults in millions of dollars in debt for many years. This results in adults working most their life to just pay off their education. However, starting work right out of high school instead of going to a 4-year college has been more appealing to some people. Going to a trade school is less expensive and less time consuming. However, not all non-college jobs can support a family. To help ensure these skilled workers can make it, the work force needs to guarantee that non-college jobs pay well and offer good benefits. This requires strong labor standards, a tangible ability to†¦show more content†¦Today, blue-collar and white-collar families alike watch their kids struggle to find gainful employment. (Buffenbarger) Not only is finding a job hard, but many people are not prepared. Many students graduate from college with little understanding of math, reading, civics, or economics. To prepare students in college, the professors should incorporate into their courses high-impact educational practices, which connect academic lessons to real-world problems and foster creativity, collaboration, and critical thinking employers most value. (Glazer) In contrast, trade schools do this style of teaching. Once enrolled in a trade school, you will immediately start with classes that are based solely on the training needed to help you succeed in your future career. Most of the training is hands-on and takes place in a setting similar to the workplace. There are little-to-no general education course requirements. Learning a trade profession is a better option than college for many young adults. Today’s society is in need of trade professions to function. There has been a high number of young adults choosing college over learning trade. This has created a ‘skills gap’ in the US causing a s hortage of ‘middle-skilled’ trade workers like machinists, electricians, plumbers, and construction workers. (ProCon.org) To work in some trade professions, one must go to a tradeShow MoreRelatedIs A College Education Worth It?1018 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s society, the idea of receiving a college education has been pondered quite a bit as to whether or not it is actually worth it. According to Michelle Adam, many people â€Å"†¦today believe that getting a good education is key to success in our society, this revealed surprising issues that challenge the notion of higher education being worth its price tag† (59). Naturally, many high school graduates apply for college right before or after graduation. Others decide to go into the work force, armedRead MoreIs College Worth A Education?1140 Words   |  5 PagesIs college worth attending? Many graduating students are leaving college today with enormous amounts of student’s loans debt. So metimes they do not obtain the college degree that they were going to school for. Today many induvial believe that getting a good education is the key to success in our society. There are issues that challenge the notion of higher education being worth its price. While in college, many students suffer stress from all the school work and responsibilities that is requiredRead MoreIs College Education Worth It?1366 Words   |  6 PagesIs College Education Worth It? Have you ever wondered how much some of our nation’s top college presidents are paid? If not, then the CNN documentary Ivory Tower is a good starting point. The continual increase of college tuition and student loans has made headlines in the news recently, mostly because of the alarming amount of student debt in the United States. According to the College Board, in 2010, students graduated from college owing an average of $25,250 in student loans; the highest amountRead MoreIs A College Education Worth It?1443 Words   |  6 PagesMarch 2016 Is a College Education Worth It? Is the American dream just a dream?The worth of a college education is arguably one of the most controversial topics in the country. Over the years, the American education system seems to emphasize and underline the importance of college education. The reality of the situation is that a college education can be appreciated through looking at the statistical numbers of people that have enrolled in to college education. A college education is valued becauseRead MoreIs College Education Worth It?1460 Words   |  6 PagesIs College Education Worth It? Have you ever wondered how much some of our nation’s top college presidents earn as compensations? If not, then the CNN documentary Ivory Tower is a good starting point. The continual increase of college tuition and student loans has made headlines in the news recently, mostly because of the alarming amount of student debt in the United States. According to the College Board, in 2010, students graduated from college owing an average of $25,250 in student loans; theRead MoreIs College Education Worth It?1924 Words   |  8 PagesIs a College Education Worth It? Garrett Lazorchak Introduction The debate about whether a college education is worth it may have begun when the pilgrims first came over from Europe and founded â€Å"New College†, which was later changed to Harvard University in 1636. With over 19.9 million college students enrolled today and a combined student debt for the country of over 1.2 trillion dollars the debate continues today. People who argue that college is not worth it, point to the crippling debt thatRead MoreIs College Education Worth It1819 Words   |  8 PagesIs College Education Worth It? Hailey Mulligan October 24, 2012 Organization Communication MG320 Is College Education Worth It? Getting a â€Å"good† job is not straightforward as it used to be. In past generations, someone in an entry-level position could work their way up the ladder simply through hard work and determination; whether or not one had credentials or a diploma mattered very little. This is not the case today. Higher education is now critical to obtaining a better job because the demandRead MoreCollege Education Is Worth The Cost Of College926 Words   |  4 Pagesidea that they will go to college. However, few individuals take the time to think about the essence of a college education. For some people college education is worth it whiles for others it may not be worth the cost. General assumption of not making it to college and still making it in life has now become a wise saying for desperate people who have decided to chase money but not a career. A recent study emphasized that one can eventually make it without going to college but how many people do makeRead MoreIs A College Educati on Worth The Cost?1283 Words   |  6 PagesIs a College Education Worth the Cost? Have you ever just stopped to think about what it must be like to be â€Å"qualified† for a job yet be unemployed and homeless? Starving on the streets because you paid everything you had to an institution that was supposed to guarantee a better life, a more stable and successful career. Obviously this is an extreme case, not everyone who pays for college ends up living on the streets and broke, but almost every college graduate is in debt. For as long as collegeRead MorePursuing A College Education : Is It Worth It?1492 Words   |  6 PagesJohn McKeown AP Language, Period G Ms. Hasebroock December 4, 2014 Pursuing a College Education: Is It Worth It? Due to some recent events in my life, I have been strongly contemplating on whether or not college is the right choice for me. My father went to college at St. Norbert College in DePere, Wisconsin and shortly after he received a job as a clerk at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. He slowly worked his way up to a trading position in the pit, which can be potentially very rewarding. When

Process Analysis Essay on Process Writing Free Essays

AnalasysiPROCESS ANALYSIS WRITING Firstly, Process  or  processing  typically describes the action of taking something through an established and usually routine set of procedures or steps to convert it from one form to another, such as processing paperwork to grant a mortgage loan, processing milk into cheese, or converting computer data from one form to another. A process involves steps and decisions in the way work is accomplished, and may involve a sequence of events. The source of this information can be found on the website: Wikipedia (www. We will write a custom essay sample on Process Analysis Essay on Process Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now ikipedia. com) Secondly, ANALYSIS is when you tell your results to prove or disprove your original guess or hypothesis. Explaining why your results turned out this way. For example: If a scientist believes that he has found the cure for Aids, he then has certain steps to take. He first has to observe, identify, describe and experiment the drug or substance that he is certain it is the cure for aids, he then have to state everything in steps, from what he did, from the very beginning . This is called analysis. To tie the both in one: Process Analysis is basically a form of technical writing and expository writing. † designed to convey to the reader how a change takes place through a series of stages†. Technical writing is where The description of scientific and computer-related activities, whereas expository writing is a type of writing   where the purpose is to inform, explain, describe, or define the author’s subject to the reader. Expository text is meant to deposit information and is the most frequently used type of writing by students in colleges and universities. A well-written exposition remains focused on its topic and lists events in chronological order. Examples of expository writing include driving directions and instructions on performing a task. Key words such as first, after, next, then and last usually signal sequential writing. Most importantly first-person pronouns (I) should be avoided. Expository essays do not reveal the opinion of the writer or writers. When someone is reading a matter of Process Analysis, they are most likely interested in the chronological component; this is  a sequence of events arranged in their order of occurrence in time, such as a timeline. Process Writing is an approach which encourages English as a Second Language (ESL) – youngsters to communicate their own written messages while simultaneously developing their iteracy skills in speaking and reading rather than delaying involvement in the writing process, as advocated in the past, until students have perfected their abilities in handwriting, reading, phonetics, spelling, grammar, and punctuation. In Process Writing the communication of the message is paramount and therefore the developing, but inaccurate, attempts at handwriting, spelling, and grammar are accepted, know that within the process of regular writing opportunities students will gain control of these sub-skills. These skills are further developed in individual and small group conference interviews. † Some steps to process writing are: STEP 1: Pre-writing, which deals with your ideas and building on your ideas, Planning. STEP 2: Writing, this is when you do a rough draft of your plan. This stage is sometimes called the â€Å"don’t worry stage’’ you can have spelling errors, grammatical errors, here is why it is called a rough draft. Also remain focus on writing and go away from all distractions. STEP 3: Revising, here is where you do grammatical changes, omitting unimportant sentences, where you add or expand your word-count, or you can go back to your pre-writing notes for ideas as-well as re-arranging. STEP 4: Editing, this is distinct form revision. Here is where you actually go through line by line searching for errors, repetitiveness, punctuations. Also to make sure your writing is very clear and understandable and last but not least, to check for spelling. STEP 5: Publishing, this depends on what piece you are working on: student will need to produce a final copy including, bibliography, journalist will submit their copy, fiction writers sending their story to magazines. Etc. In conclusion these five steps are â€Å"a frame work of writing well and easy. † BIBLIOGRAPHY * Ali Hale -: Writing process * Heald -Taylor (1986): process writing method. *   Linda Flower and John R. Hayes in â€Å"A Cognitive Process Theory of Writing† (1981). * URL: http://leo. stcloudstate. edu/acadwrite/process. html * http://www. library. ualberta. ca/guides/index. cfm  to researching and writing essays. How to cite Process Analysis Essay on Process Writing, Essay examples

Needs of Syrian Refugee in Canada-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Psychosocial needs of Syrian refugee youths in Canada. Answer: Introduction Eastward and westward storms are breaking,--great, ugly whirlwinds of hatred and blood and cruelty. I will not believe them inevitable. The above quoted lines of W.E.B. Du Bois from the book The Wisdom of W.E.B. Du Bois clearly indicate the state of the present world. It is to be noted that the world at presently in inflicted with various crisis like the The Syrian War Crisis, The Greece Crisis, The Rohingya crisis and various others. The power crisis which the world is facing at the present moment can be attributed to various factors like the unequal distribution of power among the various entities of the present world, the rise of the various military industry complexes, the power discrepancy between the first world countries and the third world countries and various others (El-Khatib et al., 2013). It is to be noted that all these crises give rise to not only the various economic as well as social constraints but also give rise to the refugee crisis which the world is facing at large at the present moment. According to the UNHCR (2018), An unprecedented 65.6 million people around the world have been forced from ho me. Among them are nearly 22.5 million refugees, over half of whom are under the age of 18. The following figure gives an overview of the refugee crisis faced by the world at present- Figure 1: Trend of global displacement and proportion displacement Source: UNHCR It is to be noted that there are several kinds of refugees- the political asylum seekers, internally displaced people, environmental migrants, forced displacement and various others (Fargues Fandrich, 2012). It is to be noted that the various nations of the world have several legislations in place for the protection as well as the asylum of the refugees. According to the UNHCR (2018), The 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol as well as other legal texts, such as the 1969 OAU Refugee Convention, remain the cornerstone of modern refugee protection. Therefore, in accordance with these international dictums the various nations of the world like Canada, USA, UK and various others provide asylum to the refugees belonging to the various crisis area. A typical example of this is the asylum provided by the nation of Canada to the refugees of Syria. Patrick Kingsley talks about the nature of the various refugees in the words, For a start, people who traveled for so many miles through such horrific conditions in order to find work cannot accurately be portrayed as lazy benefit-scroungers. This paper intends to study the psychosocial needs of the Syria refugee youths in the nation of Canada. The Psychosocial Well-Being of Refugees Youth The psychosocial concept Psychosocial needs can be defined as the needs which the refugees as well as the asylum seekers needs in order to meet their basic needs includes their emotional and mental well-being (Wells et al., 2016). Psychosocial care skills form an important domain of the psychosocial needs (Almoshmosh, 2015). These skills enable the natives or the citizens of a particular nation to help the refugees to fulfill their psychosocial needs. The domain of the psychosocial needs consists of various needs like- Social needs Cultural needs Sexual needs Spiritual needs Mental needs Emotional needs Health care needs Others Psychosocial challenges affecting refugee youth According to Ed Diener, Probably the biggest insight is that happiness is not just a place but also a process. Happiness is an ongoing process of fresh challenges, and it takes the right attitudes and activities to continue to be happy. Therefore, the well-being of the refugees will depend on a proper correlation of the above listed needs. The social needs of the refugees include a proper social environment where they can mingle with the other natives (Jabbar Zaza, 2014). This need can also include the desire of the refugees to be loved by the native citizens of the nation to which they are migrating and also the feeling of belongingness. This need of the refugees can also include a desire for an environment which is different from the social unrest in their own parent country. The Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory provides an insight into the social needs of the people only in the context of the workplace framework but also in the general social needs of the refugees in the asylum lands as well (Jabbar Zaza, 2014). The cultural needs of the refugees include the desire of theirs to adhere to as well as practice the culture of their native land to the new country to which they have taken asylum. The health care need of the refugees includes their desire to have effective health care facilities which will look after them in case of illness, medical emergencies and other similar situations (Hassan et al., 2016). It is interesting to note that the precepts of Self-determination theory (SDT) are important to note here. This theory can be seen as a a macro theory of human motivation and personality that concerns people's inherent growth tendencies and innate psychological needs (Fargues Fandrich, 2012). The focus of the theory is on the motivation factor which determines the action of an individual in an external environment that is different from his or her normal environment. The theory also takes into consideration the degree to which an individual's behavior is self-motivated and self-determined (Fargues Fandrich, 2012). Therefore, the behavior of the refugees in the country of their asylum can be determined on the basis of this particular theory. Syrian War Crisis In the opinion of Aberjhani articulated in the work Illuminated Corners: Collected Essays and Articles Volume I, Freedom rings bells to wake us from the comfort of beautiful dreams and empower the efforts that turn them into reality. This line of Aberjhani becomes very relevant when the current crisis in the country of Syria is taken into consideration. It is to be noted that the Syria is a South-east Asian country where the majority of the population consists of Muslims. The crisis of Syria started in the year 2011 when the citizens of the nation rose in open rebellion against the existing government of the nation (Aras Mencutek, 2015). The present scenario in Syria finds adequate representation in the words of Aberjhani articulated in the work Journey through the Power of the Rainbow: Quotations from a Life Made Out of Poetry, Death wins nothing here, gnawing wings that amputate then spread, lift up, fly. According to the BBC News (2018), one of the major reasons for the crisis in Syria is the diversity in the population of the nation, which comprises of the Shia as well as the Sunni Muslims. It is to be noted that the Prime Minister of Syria, Bashar al-Assad used to govern the nation in a dictatorial manner. Therefore, several entities of the population rose in rebellion against this autocratic rule of Bashar al-Assad in the year 2011. It is to be noted that since then there has been various interventions on the part of various international organizations like the United Nations and nations belonging to the first world like United States of America, Canada, Russia and others to resolve the crisis. However, all negotiations have failed to deliver the desired results (Aras Mencutek, 2015). According to the Refugee Council of Australia (2018), the March 2017 Geneva peace talks on Syria was arranged so that the issue in the nation of Syria could be resolved. However, this intervention o n the part of the United Nations resulted in a peaceful environment in the nation only for a week. It is to be noted that the crisis in Syria has been made grim by the participation of the various first world countries of the world in the domestic affairs of Syria. Russia, for instance, is a supporter of the cause of the government of Bashar al-Assad (Aras Mencutek, 2015). However, the United States of America, on the other hand, is a supporter of the cause of the rebel people of the nation of Syria and therefore has taken a stance against the dictatorial government of Bashar al-Assad. The words of Aberjhani articulated in the work The River of Winged Dreams becomes significant here, In an age of bombs guzzling blood, skylarks merge peace with thought and action. The above mentioned situation in the nation became aggravated when the government of Bashar al-Assad took the help of the country of Russia to bomb the areas where the rebellious faction of the crisis resides. This has not only resulted in a capital destruction of the human lives belonging to the nation of Syria but has also led to a capital destruction of the natural resources of the nation. The serious threat which the current crisis in Syria and the consequent refugees crisis entails has been adequately captured in the words of Samantha Power when she said, Half of Syria's refugees are children, and we know what can happen to children who grow to adulthood without hope or opportunity in refugee camps. The camps become fertile recruiting grounds for violent extremists. This grim situation has made the citizens of the nation to fled from their motherland of Syria and seek asylum in various other countries of the world like Canada, the United States of America, the adjoining nations and others. It is to be noted that the United States of America has been a major supporter of the cause of the Syrian refugees and as per a report of the US State Department, the total aid fund of the United States of America since 2012 till now has touched an astounding figure of $7 billion and is still counting (Morello Morello, 2018). In addition to this, the government of the United States of America also provides political asylum to the refugees of Syria along with other aids possible (U.S. Department of State, 2018). It is to be noted that the nation of Canada is also not very far behind in this list of supporters to the cause of the current crisis in the nation of Syria. The Refugee Journey and Its Impact on Youth Experiences impacting Syrian refugee youth in Canada It is to be noted that the citizens of the present world have become more migratory than the citizens of the previous era. This might be a reflection of several factors which the world and its citizens are facing at the moment. One probable reason for this is the conflict or the crisis which the majority of the third world countries like Syria, Botswana, Greece and others are facing at the moment. Therefore, in order to evade the conflict in their homeland the citizens of these countries often migrate from their homeland to the first world countries in a bid to get better as well as safer environments (Benezer Zetter, 2014). The three phases of the refugee journey There are three stages to the migration process of the youths as well as the other refugees. These stages can be summarized as pre-migration, migration and post-migration stages (Edge, Newbold McKeary, 2014). The first stage of pre-migration involves the factors which force the citizens to migrate from their host countries to the other safer nations. For example, in the case of Syria, the pre-migration stage can involve the crisis which the nation is facing at the moment. The country Syria has been torn apart with the struggle for political power ever since the year 2011. Therefore, the citizens are looking for safer abodes to fulfill their life requirements. The second stage involves the stage of the actual migration. It is to be noted that several factors affect the decision of the refugees for the selection of the country to which they are about to seek the political asylum. However, the primary consideration of the people is the security factor (Benezer Zetter, 2014). It is to be noted that along with the security factor other psychosocial needs also play an important role in this process. The third stage is the stage of pre-migration. It is to be noted that during this particular stage the refugees look for the fulfillment of their various psychosocial needs (Fazel et al., 2012). The various refugees look for the fulfillment of their various psychosocial needs in the chosen country of their refuge. Therefore, this stage is one of the most important stages during the entire journey. Empirical evidence linking phases of post-migration with psychosocial well-being It is to be noted that en empirical study of the various literatures published in the context of the refugees reveals that the various refugees after migrating to the nation of their political asylum are confronted with various factors. The primary among them is the physical disorders as well as the ailments which they face (Edge, Newbold McKeary, 2014). Most of the studies reveal the fact that the majority of the refugees suffer from various sleeping disorders and other ailments like stress, anxiety, depression and several others. In addition to this, there are several other factors with which the refugees are confronted with like the lack of employment, housing problems and others. Canadas response to the Syrian War Crisis According to the statistics provided by the Government of Canada, Canada has committed over $1 billion in humanitarian, development and security assistance in response to the Syria crisis (The Globe and Mail, 2018). In addition to this, the Prime Minister of Canada, Justin Trudeau, in the year 2016 announced that Canada's new strategy to address the ongoing crises in Iraq and Syria, including further increases over the next three years to Canada's security, stabilization, humanitarian and development assistance (CBC News, 2018). In addition to this the government of Canada also provides asylum services to the refugees of Syria. According to an estimate, The Government of Canada resettled 25,000 Syrian refugees between November 2015 and February 29, 2016(Canadian international assistance in Syria, 2018). In addition to this, the Canadian government under its Canadas humanitarian assistance program provides aid to the citizens of Syria who are still residing in Syria to meet the food, shelter, health, protection and emergency education needs of theirs (Canadas response to the conflict in Syria, 2018). The government of Canada, under the leadership of Justin Trudeau has announced the inauguration of a new program called by the name of Syria Emergency Relief Fund (Canadas response to the conflict in Syria, 2018). It is to be noted that the government of Canada has generously contributed an amount of more than $31.8 million to the Syrian Emergency Relief Fund to support humanitarian relief efforts in response to the conflict in Syria, which the Government of Canada is matching (Refugees, 2018). In addition to all these, the government of Canada has inaugurated a new program called security-related assistance (Refugees, 2018). It is to be noted that under this particular program the government of Canada seeks to mitigate the amount of risks which the citizens of Syria faces at the moment due to the use of the chemical and other harmful kinds of weapons which not only threaten to destroy their present lives but also threatens to destroy their future as well. Factors Impacting the Psychosocial Well-being of Refugee Youth As per the review provided by the United Nations Human Development Index in the year 2016, the nation of Syria stands on the 149th position out of the 188 present countries of the world (Pantti, 2016). It is interesting to note that as per the same review given by the United Nations Human Development Index in the year 2010, the nation of Syria had a ranking of 113 on a list of 189 countries (Pantti, 2016). This is a reflection of the current crisis which the nation of Syria is undergoing since the year 2011. According to an estimate, More than 13 million people inside Syria are in desperate need of humanitarian assistance; over six million of these have been internally displaced by conflict (The number of displaced people in the world just hit a record high., 2018). In addition to this there are several million people still living in Syria are in need of some of the most basic amenities of life like food, shelter, primary education and others. Therefore, the majority of the populatio n of Syria has decided to follow the path of migration (Alpak et al., 2015). It is to be noted that the balance as well as the order of the world has been considerably disturbed as more than 5 million local citizens of Syria have migrated to the neighbouring countries like Turkey, Lebanon, Jordon and others (The number of displaced people in the world just hit a record high., 2018). Psychological factors The Canadian government declared that primary aim of the funds allocated to the Syrian cause and the asylum provided to the refugees is to provide "an opportunity to put a vehicle where Canadians will be able to channel their generosity" (Ryan, 2012). However, just providing asylum to the refugees is not enough. The various factors affecting the psychosocial well-being of the refugee youths can be broadly classified under the headings psychosocial factors, family related factors and systematic factors. The primary psychosocial need of the refugees is security. It is to be noted that the citizens of the nation of Syria have been facing political turmoil since the year 2011 and even before that in the autocratic rule of the Syrian Prime Minister, Bashar al-Assad (Ryan, 2012). Therefore, the primary as well as the foremost requirement of the Syrian refugees is security which the nation of Canada because of its stable political as well as social environment can easily provide to the refu gees of Syria (Francis, 2012). In addition to this, there are various other psychosocial needs of the refugees in the nation of Canada like the physical needs, spiritual needs, sexual needs, educational needs, occupational needs and others. Family related factors One of the psychosocial needs of the refugees from Syria is a safe and sound social environment where they can achieve their life goals in a much better manner and lead a safe life. The citizens of Syria have been facing social unrest all their life and also the society of Syria is a very conservative on account of its being a Muslim one (Evron, 2013). Therefore, the social environment of the nation of Canada will be an ideal place for the people of Syria as here they will get to fulfill their intended life goals in a much better manner and also to lead their life in a much better manner (Francis, 2012). Moreover, they will get to lead to lives as per their own choice as the government of Canada is a very liberal one and does not put restrictions on the lives of its citizens. Thus, the social environment of Canada will cater to the social needs of the war refugees of Canada. Another psychosocial need of the refugees of Syria is the cultural need which would lead them to live their lives in a much better manner. The culture of Syria as already mentioned is a very conservative one and therefore, the citizens of Syria do not get to enjoy and live their lives as per their own choice (Evron, 2013). Therefore, the benevolent atmosphere of Canada will be very suitable for the refugees of Syria who had to spend all their lives in a very conservative culture (Francis, 2012). The educational climate provided by the nation of Canada is also a very remarkable one. The nation is one of the premier ones in terms of the quality of education which it provides to the students and it also boasts of some of the best colleges as well as universities of the world (Francis, 2012). The nation, along with the various world renowned educational institutions also consists of some of the most reputed companies as well as organizations of the world. Thus, the chances are very that the students who complete their education from these reputed educational institutions of the nation of Canada are likely to get jobs at these companies as well as organizations which form the backbone of the economy of Canada. It is to be noted that the educational opportunities provided by the nation of Syria is not par with the ones provided by the first world countries or for that matter of the other third world countries (Sirin Rogers-Sirin, 2015). Moreover, the job prospects provided by the nation of Syria is also not on par with the other nations of the world be it the first world countries or the third world countries (Sirin Rogers-Sirin, 2015). Therefore, educational as well as job facilities will be another psychosocial need of the refugees of the nation of Syria which have not been getting in their native land of Syria (Allison, 2013). The country of Canada with its highly developed educational system and its global companies is more likely to provide better opportunities to the people than the ones which they used to get their native mother land. Systematic factors One of the most important psychosocial needs of the refugees is the health as well as the mental need which would enable them to live their lives in a much better manner. It is to be noted that Canada is one of the advanced countries of the world in terms of the health care as well as the mental care opportunities which they provide to the people (Francis, 2012). Therefore, the refugees of Syria will enjoy the opportunities provided by the country of Canada. It is to be noted that the health care as well as the mental care opportunities offered by the nation of Syria are very limited and therefore the citizens of Syria had to compromise on that front (Milbury et al., 2013). The wealthy citizens of the nation take the help of the medical as well as the health care services provided by the first world countries (Sharara Kanj, 2014). However, the poor people of the nation had to compromise and suffer as the nation of Syria has not made much of progress in the field of health care and m ental care. The above listed ones are some of the basic psychosocial needs of the war refugees of the nation of Syria. In the opinion of Aysha Taryam, If Syria is to rise from the ashes it needs a united Arab world which has one thing on its agenda, not the falling of a dictator for we have seen many of those fall, but the reemergence of a prosperous Arab nation, one that is not reliant on foreign aid but is self-sustained and set on its way to become powerful once again. Therefore, the best way to find a solution to the current crisis in the nation of Syria will be to follow the lead provided by Aysha Taryam. However, presently the various nations of the world need to take the onus on themselves and provide safe asylums to the people of Syria. The government of Canada in one of its declarations said, "It's time to live up to this country's proud, proud history of being a place of refuge, of safety. Canadians can do it but they need a partner in Ottawa". Literature Gap It is to be noted that since the emergence of the war crisis in the nation of Syria various authors as well as researchers have written on the topics of the crisis in Syria, the issues which the nation is facing, the possible solution for the issues faced by them, the refugee crisis, the economic drainage which the war has brought not only on the nation of Syria but also on the world economy, the aids and funds provided by the various nations of the world like the United States of America, Canada and others and also the interventions of the United Nations. Therefore, as it becomes apparent from the above list the major researches as well as the works which have been conducted in this particular field have been in the aspect of war and the consequent crisis which followed. This particular research will be a unique one as not many researchers have tried to focus on the issues of the psychosocial needs of the Syrian refugee youths in the nation of Canada. This research will therefore fo cus on the psychosocial needs of the Syrian refugee youths who were deprived of their fundamental rights in their own country during the autocratic rule of the Syrian Prime Minister, Bashar al-Assad. Therefore, this paper will focus on the psychosocial requirements of the refugee youths who after moving to the nation of Canada will be hoping for a change in the social, political, economic, educational, mental, health care and other aspects of everyday life. This research will primarily deal with the psychosocial needs of the Syrian war refugee youths who are in the age band of 18-25 and will also try to find the ways which will improve their lot. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it becomes clear that the Syrian war and its related refugee crisis is one of the major issues which the world is facing at the moment. It has not only taken a toll on the nation of Syria but is also affecting the other nations of the world. Therefore, the various developed and the first world nations of the world like the United States of America, Canada and others and also the United Nations needs to address the issue in order to reclaim the equilibrium of the nation of Syria but also to reclaim the power balance of the world. More important than that, addressing the psychosocial need of the Syrian refugees is of paramount importance because if the needs of these refugees are not properly addressed then it will further aggravate the situation. The fulfillment of the psychosocial needs of the refugees of the Syrian crisis will help to improve their condition and will also help them not to resort to extreme means. References Allison, R. (2013). Russia and Syria: explaining alignment with a regime in crisis.International Affairs,89(4), 795-823. Almoshmosh, N. (2015). Highlighting the mental health needs of Syrian refugees.Intervention,13(2), 178-181. Alpak, G., Unal, A., Bulbul, F., Sagaltici, E., Bez, Y., Altindag, A., ... Savas, H. A. (2015). Post-traumatic stress disorder among Syrian refugees in Turkey: a cross-sectional study.International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice,19(1), 45-50. Aras, N. E. G., Mencutek, Z. S. (2015). The international migration and foreign policy nexus: the case of Syrian refugee crisis and Turkey.Migration letters,12(3), 193. Benezer, G., Zetter, R. (2014). Searching for directions: Conceptual and methodological challenges in researching refugee journeys.Journal of Refugee Studies,28(3), 297-318. Canadas response to the conflict in Syria. (2018).GAC. Retrieved 14 March 2018, from https://international.gc.ca/world-monde/issues_development-enjeux_developpement/response_conflict-reponse_conflits/crisis-crises/conflict_syria-syrie.aspx?lang=eng Canadian international assistance in Syria. (2018).GAC. Retrieved 14 March 2018, from https://international.gc.ca/world-monde/issues_development-enjeux_developpement/priorities-priorites/where-ou/syria-syrie.aspx?lang=eng Edge, S., Newbold, K. B., McKeary, M. (2014). Exploring socio-cultural factors that mediate, facilitate, constrain the health and empowerment of refugee youth.Social Science Medicine,117, 34-41. El-Khatib, Z., Scales, D., Vearey, J., Forsberg, B. C. (2013). Syrian refugees, between rocky crisis in Syria and hard inaccessibility to healthcare services in Lebanon and Jordan.Conflict and health,7(1), 18. Evron, Y. (2013).War and Intervention in Lebanon (Routledge Revivals): The Israeli-Syrian Deterrence Dialogue. Routledge. Fargues, P., Fandrich, C. (2012).The European Response to the Syrian Refugee Crisis: What next?. Fazel, M., Reed, R. V., Panter-Brick, C., Stein, A. (2012). Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in high-income countries: risk and protective factors.The Lancet,379(9812), 266-282. Federal government announces more humanitarian aid for Syria refugees. (2018).The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 14 March 2018, from https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/canada-promises-more-humanitarian-aid-for-syria-refugees/article26346443/ Francis, D. (2012).The imaginary Indian: The image of the Indian in Canadian culture. Arsenal Pulp Press. Gasher, M., Lorimer, R., Skinner, D. (2012).Mass communication in Canada. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Hassan, G., Ventevogel, P., Jefee-Bahloul, H., Barkil-Oteo, A., Kirmayer, L. J. (2016). Mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of Syrians affected by armed conflict.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences,25(2), 129-141. Jabbar, S. A., Zaza, H. I. (2014). Impact of conflict in Syria on Syrian children at the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan.Early child development and care,184(9-10), 1507-1530. Key facts on the conflict in Syria and Iraq - Refugee Council of Australia. (2018).Refugee Council of Australia. Retrieved 4 March 2018, from https://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/getfacts/international/causes/syrian-iraqi-conflict/?gclid=CjwKCAiAz-7UBRBAEiwAVrz-9dr6NkQ3Kp-bLuRhGDZT5pHoTU-LB3qrQFR5AcZqhr9baenMLCy7hhoCNcQQAvD_BwE Love, B., Crook, B., Thompson, C. M., Zaitchik, S., Knapp, J., LeFebvre, L., ... Rechis, R. (2012). Exploring psychosocial support online: a content analysis of messages in an adolescent and young adult cancer community.Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking,15(10), 555-559. Milbury, K., Rosenthal, D. I., El-Naggar, A., Badr, H. (2013). An exploratory study of the informational and psychosocial needs of patients with human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer.Oral oncology,49(11), 1067-1071. Morello, C., Morello, C. (2018).U.S. gives $419 million more to aid Syrian refugees.Washington Post. Retrieved 4 March 2018, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-gives-419-million-more-to-aid-syrian-refugees/2015/09/21/7f0157c6-607e-11e5-8e9e-dce8a2a2a679_story.html?utm_term=.dbfe0759740c Pantti, M. (2016). Seeing and not seeing the Syrian crisis: New visibility and the visual framing of the Syrian conflict in seven newspapers and their online editions.JOMEC journal, (4). Refugees, U. (2018).Figures at a Glance.UNHCR. Retrieved 14 March 2018, from https://www.unhcr.org/figures-at-a-glance.html Ryan, C. (2012). The new Arab cold war and the struggle for Syria.Middle East Report,262, 28-31. Sharara, S. L., Kanj, S. S. (2014). War and infectious diseases: challenges of the Syrian civil war.PLoS Pathogens,10(11), e1004438. Sirin, S. R., Rogers-Sirin, L. (2015).The educational and mental health needs of Syrian refugee children. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute. Syria: The story of the conflict. (2018).BBC News. Retrieved 4 March 2018, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26116868 Syrian emergency fund is for those 'most in need,' government says. (2018).CBC News. Retrieved 14 March 2018, from https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-federal-humanitarian-assistance-syrians-1.3225728 The number of displaced people in the world just hit a record high. (2018).World Economic Forum. Retrieved 14 March 2018, from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/06/there-are-now-more-refugees-than-the-entire-population-of-the-uk/ U.S. Humanitarian Assistance in Response to the Syrian Crisis. (2018).U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 4 March 2018, from https://www.state.gov/j/prm/releases/factsheets/2017/269469.htm Wells, R., Steel, Z., Abo-Hilal, M., Hassan, A. H., Lawsin, C. (2016). Psychosocial concerns reported by Syrian refugees living in Jordan: Systematic review of unpublished needs assessments.The British Journal of Psychiatry, bjp-bp.

History of the Non

Introduction Non profit organizations have always been considered as voluntary organizations that are officiated by private contributions. They are also regarded as silent contributors to the welfare of the public as well as the personal interests of individuals in society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of the Non-Profit Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main difference between non-profit and profit organizations is that profit organizations core obligation is to gross income and reallocate assessable wealth to the workforce as well as the shareholders while non-profit organizations core obligation is to provide self-beneficial and self preservation programs and services. Consequently it is common to find volunteer human resources as well as volunteer executives who perform various roles without receiving any form of reparation. Charitable organizations, trade unions, public arts organizations as well as several other governments and government agencies all form examples of non-profit organizations which are sometimes referred as not-for-profit organizations. Due to the self-interest goals perpetuated by these organizations as well as their role in society, most nations choose to exempt NPOs from revenue and property duty since the governments fail to execute or enforce policies proposed by the NPOs. In essence, non-profit organizations are able to make a profit which is referred to as surplus and calculated at the end of every fiscal year; these earnings are retained as working capital for the internal mechanisms of the organization as well as further expansion plans rather than being distributed as dividend, shares or debentures. In most cases, NPOs use the surplus funds to hire new staff, reward the internal corporate leadership through bonuses and benefits. The mid- level management staff along with the entire human resource of the NPOs also receive incentives at the end of the year through the surplus funds. This essay aims at discussing the history of non profit organizations as well as the transformations that have taken place in the organizations over the years. A history of Non profit organizations According to Kranshinsky (1996), the non profit sector has existed in Europe and the United States since the eighteenth century though the organizations have only recently become prominent and a widely accepted aspect of the western society. The organizations’ initial operation system was strictly for charitable reasons meaning the non profit organizations in the 18th and 19th centuries never carried out business transactions. The non profit organizations of the early period depended entirely on funds donated by the financiers (Morris, 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A survey in America revealed that there were slightly m ore than 12,000 charitable tax-exempt organizations that had no religious support while currently more than half a million of such organizations exist in America alone(Hammack, 2002). The department of trade was initially responsible for authorizing non profit organizations on behalf of the government though congress and state legislatures were later given that mandate as well as the power to establish which sort of non-profit organizations meet the requirements to be excused from paying taxes. In the 1960s, there was a rise in the number of non profit organizations in third world countries as an increasing number of communities were identified as needy either through education, food, clothing or shelter (Hammack, 2002). As a consequence, the number of NPOs in South America, Africa and Asia almost doubled in a span of less than ten years (Kranshinsky, 1996). In addition, the discovery of fatal untreatable diseases such as AIDS, Ebola, and cancer among other diseases acted as a catal yst for the augmentation of NPOs that sought to research on specific diseases and provide a cure or disease management programs (Morris, 2000). Affluent members of the public were encouraged to provide support and promote several other non profit organizations (Powell Steinberg, 2006). The responsibility of NPOs is basically to provide social services and attend to the requirements of a community such poverty, unemployment, and relief. Therefore the increasing number of non profit organizations is an indicator that the number of people that depend on non-profit organizations for aid and relief is greater than before (Morris, 2000). With reference to Morris (2000), the management and governance of non profit organizations has undergone constant transformation since their inception. Initially, NPOs were not allowed to have members and hence were made up of a self governing board that controlled all the operations of the organizations. The NPOs were permitted to function as trusts hen ce activities such decision-making by the management, conflicts of interest and self-dealing were strictly prohibited (Kranshinsky, 1996). The implementation of the American Bar Association’s Model Nonstock Corporation Statute by the United States in the late 20th century expanded the jurisdiction of NPOs as far as permissible activities were concerned. According to Hammack (2002), the most notable change during this period was the modification of the fiduciary standard from one of â€Å"trust† to a â€Å"business† standard, and hence non profit organizations were permitted to have members basically function similar to for-profit organizations (Powell Steinberg, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of the Non-Profit Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The change in standard was significant since in actual fact made dissimilarities between nonprofit and for-profit institutions vague enough for the two types of organizations to have almost similar operational systems. Consequently, the legal description of a nonprofit organization has also been stretched out to consist of any activity or entity that does not entail the sharing of surplus profit in the form of dividends (Morris, 2000). Legislatures have been instrumental in altering the definition as well as the roles, tasks, and authority of nonprofit organizations in an attempt by the government to settle legal expansions with existing social and economic activities (Kranshinsky, 1996). The late twentieth century brought about fresh perspectives and ideologies that were viewed to have the potential to facilitate NPOs in realizing their corporate objectives more successfully through the application of various structures that were intended for profit organizations (Salamon Anheier, 1996). Some of the proposed changes are effective internal management, enhanced accountability for all levels of the organizat ion and performance screen of the various departments or tasks so as to utilize the human and financial resources available(Powell Steinberg, 2006). Such transformational changes necessitate a change in management and the general operation of the organization leading to the running of NPOs as for-profit organizations (Morris, 2000). Non profit organization Values The Non profit organizations have operated under different value systems since their inception though there are two values which seem to stand out through out the history of nonprofits and have been found to be also applicable in the current situation (Morris, 2000). These values are: Justification of public good and utility, and public representation. Discussing the values; will give insight to the historical transition NPOs have undergone as well as understand the fundamental responsibilities of NPOs (Salamon Anheier, 1996). Justification of public good and utility This value according to Drucker deals with providing an outline to the correlation of nonprofit organizations to the requirements and principles of the society (Drucker, 1990). Basically the value entails offering transparency in relation to the functions of the organization, the responsibility of the organization to community in addition to the way the needs of society have changed over time (Hammack, 2002). In addition, the value directs the leadership of the organization on how to endorse the excellence of the organization to the public as well as the level of association required when relating to sponsors, administration units as well as other influential bodies in order to evenly distribute clout (Salamon Anheier, 1996). This value essentially provokes the organizational leadership to work as guides to society in order to easily identify and resolve pertinent issues.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The value of public representation This value is concerned with the subject of diversity and stakeholder management. In addition this value also deals with the individuals and the means liable of classifying relations between nonprofit organizations and the society (Drucker, 1990). The identity of stakeholders also comes into focus under this value where the individuality and the different perspectives of the stakeholders have to be clear in order to provide guidance and direction to the NPOs (Salamon Anheier, 1996). Public representation is not the same as factual representation by stakeholders neither is it a representative structure, despite the fact that both positions may be applied by a particular organization (Drucker, 1990). This value was put in place to provoke the leadership; to insure that the different points of view that exemplify the organization’s community are accessible by the organization and exploration of the perceptions also takes place. Hammack (2002) asserts that the organization should seek to nurture evocative diversity among its members and subjects rather than have an analogous discernment from its members. Theories regarding the establishment of nonprofit organizations The theories about the creation of NPOs are based on the conventional perception of a rational choice where commonly available goods and services are the most prominent factor. There are several different theories that attempt to explain the history of non-profit organizations as well as their ability to meet the society’s demand for public goods. The theory of the (Market / State) Failure is the most outstanding theory and the naissance requirement of this theory is the supposition that the operation of market is imperfect since performing markets have several deficits which prevent the saturation of all the needs in society(Kranshinsky, 1996). In addition, societies prefer to acquire public goods for free hence the production of public goods is not p rofitable and consequently there is a shortage of market subjects. Usually the state or the public administration in democratic systems intervene by paying for the goods through the public budget as long as the majority of voters agree to the production of particular public goods(Powell Steinberg, 2006). Whereas only a minority agrees, production of public goods ceases leading to the prevalence of numerous unsaturated needs and demands on public goods. Consequently, NPOs start being established to provide services and goods that neither state nor market is able to provide to society. Theory of Confidence is another hypothesis that argues that the establishment of NPOs is due to failures of the market in creating reliable environment for implementing trade (Morris, 2000). According to Salamon Anheier (1996), the low circulation of information regarding the quality of goods and services from the supplier breeds mistrust and low confidence on the goods and services leading to contrac tual failure. According to Powell Steinberg (2006), the consumer as a result tends to go for NPOs since they do not operate with the aim of making excessive profit and therefore it is improbable they would try to deceive the consumer. The final supposition is the Welfare State Theory which according to Kranshinsky (1996) significantly alters the scholarly view regarding the importance of NPOs in society. This theory classifies NPOs as pre-modern systems vital for resolving social problems (Drucker, 1990). NPOs under such circumstances normally arise in conventional society sine its inception, where there is no public administration or the administration is not yet completely developed to function effectively (Powell Steinberg, 2006). The industrialization and state social policy, however, brought about several changes that greatly reduced the significance of NPOs since the state and government took on most of the responsibilities previously held by NPOs. It is this development tha t led scholars to assume that NPOs might gradually fade away especially after the improvement of the public administration. Deeper scrutiny of this theory by Powell Steinberg (2006) reveals the implications as well as the reasons of the establishment and incessant subsistence of NPOs in the contemporary modern environment is mainly a common practice rather than the failure of state to perform accordingly through the imperfections identified in the services provided by the state (Morris, 2000). To the contrast, it is to a certain extent the deficiency of state or else the fact that the duties of the state are still not yet fully effective that has led to the emergence and continuous existence of NPOs (Kranshinsky, 1996). The final view is that in the fields where the state has already taken a fundamental role, it succeeds in providing for communities and is even more effective than NPOs in affording services (Salamon Anheier, 1996). Consequently, the expansion of the supporting rol e of the state and the effectiveness of the state in dispensing its duties is likely to place the state ahead of other organizations in the public eye and hence slowly NPOs will be replaced by the state in the community and public support fields. Conclusion The global nonprofit sector altogether has a wide historical facet that has played a critical role in establishing the mandate of NPOs currently in operation. The state and federal laws have changed over time and the amendment of these laws has constantly identified the roles to be played by both nonprofit firms as well as nonprofit organizations and the laws have also determined the type of leadership and membership the organizations will have. The laws on the other hand have been influenced by factors such as conflicts of individual freedom, the position of the government on NPOs, the position of different religious groups, races, social customs, income groups, gender, as well as the availability and demand of public goods and services. The clear position however is that the number of NPOs have increased through out history with the total number of nonprofit employees in the U.S. workforce for instance having grown from 0.7% to 1.4% in the early 20th century and from 3% in the mid 20th century to 9% at the turn of the 21st century. The main reason for such an increase in the staff and capacity of NPOs has been the emerging and expanding public needs through out the world. For instance, education in the early 1900 was not a priority and hence no NPOs were involved in providing education to the community. In addition, the gradual increase in the government’s financial support to the sector, increase in consumer wealth as well as the amendments done on individual rights have helped the NPO sector to secure its role in the society. References Drucker, P. (1990). Managing the Non-Profit Organization: Practices and Principles. New York: HarperCollins. Hammack, D. (2002). Nonprofit Organizations in Americ an History. American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 45, No. 11, 1638-1674. Kranshinsky, M. (1996). Transaction Costs and a Theory of the Nonprofit Organization. In: Rose-Ackerman Susan. The Economics of Nonprofit Institutions. New York: Oxford University Press. Morris, S. (2000). Defining the Nonprofit Sector: Some Lessons from History. International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, Vol.11, No. 1, pp. 25-43. Powell, W. and Steinberg, R. (2006). The nonprofit sector: a research handbook. Web. Salamon, L. and Anheier, H. (1996). Social origins of civil society: Explaining the nonprofit sector cross-nationally. Web. This essay on History of the Non-Profit Sector was written and submitted by user Raphael Watts to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Diplomatic Relations

The Diplomatic and consular relations are designed in the Vienna Conventions of 1961 and 1963. Both relations have many similarities, but also there are differences between them. Diplomatic relations are more formal and are between states, take place between diplomats of two or more states. On the other hand, consular relations are generally in citizen level, as consulates are established by one state in another state for the purpose of dealing with the affairs of its citizens traveling or residing there. Consulate An office established by one state in an important city of another state for the purpose of supporting and protecting its citizens travelling or residing there. In addition, these offices are charges with performing other important administrative duties such as issuing visas (where this is required) to host country nationals wishing to travel to the country the consulate represents. All consulates, whether located in the capital city or in other communities, are administratively under the ambassador and the embassy. In addition to carrying out their consular duties, they often serve as branch offices for the embassy, supporting, for example, the latter’s political and economic responsibilities. Consulates are expected to play a particularly significant role in connection with the promotion of their own country’s exports and other commercial activities. Officers performing consular duties are known as consuls or, if more junior, vice consuls. The chief of the consulate i s known as the consul. Diplomatic Immunity Diplomatic immunity is a principle of international law by which certain foreign government officials are not subject to the jurisdiction of local courts and other authorities. The concept of immunity began with ancient tribes. In order to exchange information, messengers were allowed to travel from tribe to tribe without fear of harm. They were protected even when they brought bad news. Today, immunity protec... Free Essays on Diplomatic Relations Free Essays on Diplomatic Relations The Diplomatic and consular relations are designed in the Vienna Conventions of 1961 and 1963. Both relations have many similarities, but also there are differences between them. Diplomatic relations are more formal and are between states, take place between diplomats of two or more states. On the other hand, consular relations are generally in citizen level, as consulates are established by one state in another state for the purpose of dealing with the affairs of its citizens traveling or residing there. Consulate An office established by one state in an important city of another state for the purpose of supporting and protecting its citizens travelling or residing there. In addition, these offices are charges with performing other important administrative duties such as issuing visas (where this is required) to host country nationals wishing to travel to the country the consulate represents. All consulates, whether located in the capital city or in other communities, are administratively under the ambassador and the embassy. In addition to carrying out their consular duties, they often serve as branch offices for the embassy, supporting, for example, the latter’s political and economic responsibilities. Consulates are expected to play a particularly significant role in connection with the promotion of their own country’s exports and other commercial activities. Officers performing consular duties are known as consuls or, if more junior, vice consuls. The chief of the consulate i s known as the consul. Diplomatic Immunity Diplomatic immunity is a principle of international law by which certain foreign government officials are not subject to the jurisdiction of local courts and other authorities. The concept of immunity began with ancient tribes. In order to exchange information, messengers were allowed to travel from tribe to tribe without fear of harm. They were protected even when they brought bad news. Today, immunity protec...

State and federal law in the United States Essay

State and federal law in the United States - Essay Example Starbucks’ public image as a company committed to fair trade and labor practice is unequivocally false.   As Zielinski (1995) explains, Starbucks directly purchased approximately 40% of its coffee beans from Guatemalan coffee plantation.   This is especially significant because the labor conditions on these plantations borders on slavery.   Workers are paid 2 cents per pound of coffee while Starbucks sells it for $9.   In addition, these plantations do not abide by the minimum health or safety requirements and use child laborers.   At a time when large corporations are refusing to deal with these plantations, Starbucks not only relies on them for a significant percentage of its coffee but denies any responsibility for the continued exploitation of Guatemalan coffee laborers (Zielinski, 1995).Following the extremely negative press Starbucks received in the wake of the media’s exposition of its participation in exploitative labor, its company invested millions o f dollars in improving its public image.   As Irving (2006) points out, the Starbucks publicity machine presents an image of the company as one which is fundamentally committed to fair labor practices.   This is nothing but a myth, an empty slogan. The facts indicate that not only has Starbucks maintained its relationship with Guatemalan plantations whose workers are underpaid, denied health coverage and   a safe work environment but it further relies on off-shore prison labor for the packaging of its coffee.  ... As Irving (2006) points out, the Starbucks publicity machine presents an image of the company as one which is fundamentally committed to fair labor practices. This is nothing but a myth, an empty slogan. The facts indicate that not only has Starbucks maintained its relationship with Guatemalan plantations whose workers are underpaid, denied health coverage and a safe work environment but it further relies on off-shore prison labor for the packaging of its coffee and other products. Indeed, available facts and figures indicate that a minimum of 24.5% of the company's coffee is purchased from sources which practice exploitative labor and which often use child and prison labor as well (Irving, 2006). As far as Starbucks is concerned, the bottom line is not fair labor or ethical business practices but profit margins. Starbucks' relations with its on-site employees further evidence its failure to adhere to fair labor practices. Hayes (2004) explains that according to federal law, overtime is defined as anything which exceeds 40 hours, while several states define overtime as anything in excess of 9 hours per working day. The receipt of overtime pay, however, is conditioned where managers are concerned. Quite simply stated, managers are not paid overtime for work which falls within their immediate job description and constitutes part of their managerial responsibilities because the law assumes that they should complete their work on time (Hayes, 2004). In direct relation to Starbucks, the evidence shows that it is overworking its employees and that its managers do work overtime on tasks which do not constitute part of their job description. Yet, in direct violation of state and federal laws, Starbucks refuses to pay its employees